Chapter 2 and 4 Vocabulary Flashcards

From traditions and encounters, 4th edition
Southwest Asia and south Asia must know voc

221390359	Ancestor Worship	Belief that dead ancestors can influence one's fortunes in life. Those who practice often conduct rituals and ceremonies to the memory or remains of their ancestors.	0
221390360	Aryans	European tribes who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E.; their union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism.	1
221390361	Assyrians	Southwest Asian people who built an empire that reached its height during the eighth and seventh centuries B.C.E.; it was known for a powerful army and a well-structured state.	2
221390362	Babylon	Mesopotamian empire with a centralized bureaucracy and Law Code centered around its capital, Babylon.	3
221390363	Bronze	Material made from copper and tin used for weapons and agricultural tools.	4
221390364	City-state	Urban areas that controlled surrounding agricultural regions and that were often loosely connected in a broader political structure with other city-states.	5
221390365	Cuneiform	Written language of the Sumerians, probably the first written script in the world.	6
221390366	Gilgamesh	Legendary king of the Mesopotamian city-state of Uruk (ca. 3000 B.C.E.), subject of the Epic of Gilgamesh, world's oldest complete epic literary masterpiece.	7
221390367	Hammurabi's Code	Sophisticated law code associated with the Babylonian king Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.).	8
221390368	Hanging Gardens	Gardens at the palace of the New Babylonian empire (600-550 B.C.E.) that showed off its great wealth and luxury.	9
221390369	Hittites	Group that settles in central Anatolia around 2000 B.C.E., establishes powerful kingdoms, conquers the Babylonian empire in 1595 B.C.E., and dissolves about 1200 B.C.E. Technological feats include iron metallurgy and light horse-drawn chariots.	10
221390370	Indo-Europeans	Series of tribes from southern Russia who, over a period of millennia, embarked on a series of migrations from India through western Europe; their greatest legacy was the broad distribution of Indo-European languages throughout Eurasia.	11
221390371	Iron	Material used for weapons and tools that became cheap and more widely available around 1000 B.C.E.	12
221390372	Lex talionis	"Law of retaliation," laws in which offenders suffered punishments similar to their crimes; the most famous example is Hammurabi's Laws.	13
221390373	Mesopotamia	Term meaning "between the rivers," in this case the Tigris and Euphrates; Sumer and Akkad are two of the earliest societies.	14
221390374	Monotheism	Belief in only one god, a rare concept in the ancient world	15
221390375	Patriarchy	System of social organization in which males dominate the family and where public institutions, descent, and succession are traced through the male line.	16
221390376	Phoenicians	A maritime civilization of the Mediterranean that developed extensive trade and communication networks as well as an early alphabetical script (1500 B.C.E).	17
221390377	Sumerians	Earliest Mesopotamian society.	18
221390378	Ten Commandments	Moral and ethical standards for followers of Moses.	19
221390379	Torah	Compilation of teachings that guide Judaism.	20
221390380	Compilation of teachings that guide Judaism.	language that is predominant in Pakistan.	21
221390381	Yahweh	God of the monotheistic religion of Judaism that influenced later Christianity and Islam.	22
221390382	Ziggurats	Mesopotamian Temples	23
221390383	Aryans	European tribes who settled in India after 1500 B.C.E.; their union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism.	24
221390384	Brahmins	Hindu caste of priests	25
221390385	Dravidians	Peoples who produced the brilliant Harappan society in India, 3000-1500 B.C.E.	26
221390386	Harappan	Early brilliant Indian society centered around Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro.	27
221390387	Indra	Early Indian god associated with the Aryans; Indra was the king of the gods and was associated with warfare and thunderbolts.	28
221390388	Jati	Indian word for a Hindu subcaste.	29
221390389	Karma	Hindu concept that the sum of good and bad in a person's life will determine his or her status in the next life.	30
221390390	Kshatriyas	Hindu caste of warriors and aristocrats.	31
221390391	Lawbook of Manu	A moral code prepared in the first century B.C.E. in India dictating the role of women in Indian society.	32
221390392	Moksha	Hindu concept of the salvation of the soul.	33
221390393	Neolithic	New Stone Age (10,000-4000 B.C.E.), which was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture.	34
221390394	Prakit	Daily-use language of the early Aryans	35
221390395	Samsara	Hindu term for the concept of transmigration, that is, the soul passing into a new incarnation.	36
221390396	Sanskrit	Sacred language of the early Aryans	37
221390397	Sati	Also known as suttee, Indian practice of a widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.	38
221390398	Shudras	Hindu caste of landless peasants and serfs.	39
221390399	Upanishads	Indian reflections and dialogues (800-400 B.C.E.) that reflected basic Hindu concepts.	40
221390400	Vaishyas	Hindu caste of cultivators, artisans, and merchants.	41
221390401	Varna	Hindu word for caste.	42
221390402	Vedas	"Wisdom," early collections of prayers and hymns that provide information about the Indo-European Aryans who migrated into India around 1500 B.C.E.; Rig Veda is most important collection.	43
221390403	Varuna	Aryan god who watched over the behavior of mortals and preserved the cosmic order.	44