Chapter 21 Flashcards

52642650	Ottomans	Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s; conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of Arab world.	0
52642651	Mehmet II	Murad's son achieved the most dramatic feat in Ottoman history. Conquered Constantinople. He opened Constantinople to new citizens of many religions and renamed the city Istanbul.	1
52642652	Janissaries	Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. See also devshirme.	2
52642653	Vizier	a high official in a Muslim government (especially in the Ottoman Empire).	3
52642654	Safavid dynasty	Originally a Turkic nomadic group; family originated in Sufi mystic group; espoused Shi'ism; conquered territory and established kingdom in region equivalent to modern Iran; lasted until 1722.	4
52642655	Isma'il	Founder of Shia Islam known as religious tyrant who killed any citizen who didn't convert.	5
52642656	Chaldiran	Important battle between the Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the importance of firearms and checked the western advance of their Shi'a state.	6
52642657	Abbas the Great	Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology.	7
52642658	Imams	Spiritual leaders who, according to some Shi'ah Muslims, should be direct descendants of Muhammad.	8
52642659	Mullahs	Local mosque officials and prayer leaders within the Safavid Empire; agents of Safavid religious campaign to convert all of population to Shi'ism.	9
52642660	Mughal dynasty	established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century.	10
52642661	babur	Brilliant general who laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire.	11
52642662	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.	12
52642663	Din Ilahi	Religious doctrine propounded by the Mughal emperor Akbar, intended to merge the best elements of the religions of his empire.	13
52642664	Taj Mahal	Beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife.	14
52642665	Shah	Title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran.	15
52642666	Marattas	Western Indian peoples who rebelled against Mughal control early in the 18th century.	16
52642667	Sikhs	Nonviolent religous group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sufism.	17