Chapter 30 Flashcards

54856071	Where does the Industrial Revolution begin	Great Britain (because agricultural productivity was high, skilled craftsmen were numerous, deposits of coal and iron were abundant, navigable rivers and networks of canals, liberal governments took favorably to this)	0
54856072	What new textile threatened the wool industry?	cotton weaving	1
54856073	British Calico Acts (1701 and 1721)	ways to limit cotton; prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth and restricted the sale of calicoes at home	2
54856074	John Kay	invented the flying shuttle (this device speeded up the weaving process and stimulated demand for thread)	3
54856075	Samuel Crompton	invented the "mule", this device turned out stronger, higher quality thread than any human could provide	4
54856076	Edmund Cartwright	a clergyman without experience in either mechanics or textile; invented a power loom that inaugurated an era of mechanical weaving	5
54856077	James Watt	invented the general purpose steam engine in 1765; he was an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland; his steam engines burned coal to boil water and create steam, which drove mechanical devices that performed work	6
54856078	How is coke used in smelting iron?	coke is a purified form of coal; made it possible to build bigger blast furnaces and turn out larger lots of iron	7
54856079	Henry Bessemer	invents the process to mass produce steel (1856)	8
54856080	George Stephenson's (THE ROCKET)	he invented to first steam powered locomotive (1815); this machine still burned too much coal like Watt's invention	9
54856081	Luddites	Between 1811 and 1856 organized band of English craftsmen went on a rampage and destroyed textile machines that they blamed for their low wages and unemployment	10
54856082	Eli Whitney	an american inventor; best remembered for the cotton gin; developed the technique of using interchangeable parts in the making of firearms	11
54856083	Impact of IR on the family	moved economic work outside the home; families worked together in factories; men gained increasing stature and responsibility	12
54856084	Holy Monday	a day when men stayed home to lengthen their weekly break from work on Sunday	13
54856085	New Lanark	a socialist community; Robert Owen converted a small Scottish town into a model industrial town. His stress on cooperative control of industry and his advocacy of improved education left a lasting impression on socialist traditions	14
54856086	Karl Marx and Frederick Engels	wrote "The Communists Manifesto"; most prominent 19th century socialists; said capitalism divided people into two classes: people who owned industrial machinery and those who worked for them	15
54856087	Proletariat	wage workers who only had their labor to sell	16
54856088	Bourgeoisie	factory owners	17
54856089	"opiate of the masses"	Marx's reference; encouraged workers to focus on a hypothetical realm of existence beyond this world rather than try to improve their lot in society	18
54856090	Zaibatsu	hugh industrial powers ("wealthy cliques") in Southeast Asia	19
54856091	Count Sergei Wittei	finance adminstrator to the Russian industry	20
54856092	Mines Act of 1842	the prohibition of underground employment for women as well as for boys under the age of 10	21
54856093	Factory Act of 1833	British governments regulation of hours and conditions of work pertaining to women and children	22
54856094	Otto Von Bismarck	unifies southern and Northern Germany; under his leadership Germany introduced medical insurance, unemployment compensation, and retirement pensions	23
54856095	Trade Unions	over the long run gradually improved the lives of working people and reduced the likelihood that a disgruntled proletariat would mount a revolution to overthrow industrial capitalist society	24
54856096	World's major oil producer in 1900	Russia	25