Ch. 29 Flashcards

53479230	Ivan III (the Great)	The Russian ruler who who started calling himself czar. He made the final break from the Mongols in 1480 and started a long line of rulers.	0
53479231	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	First Czar of Russia. During good Era: made many reforms, Created a council that included members from all classes, Defeated Mongols and expanded borders. During bad Era: Paranoid and strict policies lost many of his followers. Killed his only heir and launched Russia into a Time of Troubles.	1
53479232	Catherine II (the Great)	she became the Great because she defeated the turks and gained access to the black sea, married Peter III, tried to by enlightened with her Instructions	2
53479233	Vitus Bering	Russian. Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)	3
53479234	Patriarch Nikon	He was the head of the Orthodox Church from 1652-1667. He came from peasant descent. He was very educated. He demanded to share authority with the Tsar. The Tsar was mad and broke with Nikon. The Tsar exiled Nikon to a remote monastery. Before that he had a thoroughgoing reform of Russian Orthodox texts and rituals.	4
53479235	Avvakum	his death epitomized the tension between the church and the Russian government	5
53479236	Cossacks	peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.	6
53479237	Novgorod	important trade center that provided a link between northern Europe and Asia, one of the oldest cities in Russia	7
53479238	Oprichniki	A personal group of civil servants who arrested boyers and gave their lands to Ivan the Terrible's supporters	8
53479239	Law Code of 1649	Code enacted by Catharine II placing Russian serfs under the tight control of landlords.	9
53479240	The Pale of Settlements	term given to a region of Imperial Russia, along its western border, in which permanent residence of Jews was allowed, and beyond which Jewish residence was generally prohibited.	10
53479241	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization.	11
53479242	Intelligentsia	an educated and intellectual elite	12