Chapter 23 Flashcards

19197335	Triple Alliance	Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of Europeam alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I	0
19197336	Louis Pasteur	French scientist who discovered the relationship between germs and diseasein 19th century, leading to better sanitation	1
19197337	Congress of Vienna	Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europeand settle diplomatic disputes	2
19197338	Otto von Bismarck	Conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under Prussian king in 1870; utilized liberal reforms to attract support for conservative causes	3
19197339	Revisionism	Socialist movements that at least tacitly disavowed Marxist revolutionary doctrine; believed social success could be achieved gradually through political institutions	4
19197340	Louis XVI	Bourbon monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution	5
19197341	American Revolution	Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America	6
19197342	Guillotine	Introduced as a method of humane execution; utilized to execute thousands during the most radical phase of the French Revolution known as teh Reign of Terror	7
19197343	Romanticism	Artistic and literary movement of the 19th century in Europe; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflection	8
19197344	Karl Marx	German socialist who blasted earlier socialist movements as utopian; saw history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production to create proletarian dictatorship	9
19197345	Age of Revolution	Period of politcal upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and continuing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848	10
19197346	Chartist Movement	Attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840's; demands for reform beyond the Reform Bill of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed	11
19197347	Feminist Movements	Sought various legal and economic gains for women, including equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won support particularly from middle-class women; active in western Europe at the end of the 19th century; revived in light of other issues in the 1960's	12
19197348	Mass Leisure Culture	An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; based on newspaper, music halls, popular theater, vacation trips and team sports	13
19197349	Nationalism	Politcal viewpoint with orgins in western Europe; often allied with other isms, urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race or ethinic orgin	14
19197350	Declaration of teh Rights of Man and the Citizen	Adopted during the liberal phase of the French Revolution (1789); stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a politcal source for other liberal movements	15
19197351	Greek Revolution	Rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman Empire in 1820; key step in gradually dismantling the Otto Empire in the Balkans	16
19228631	Social Question	Issues relating to repressed classses in western Europe during the Industial Revolution, particularly workers and women; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870	17
19228632	Proto-Industial	preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full-or parttime producers of texile and metal product, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depend on urban merchants; prelude to the Industrial Revolution	18
19276180	Napoleon Bonaparte	Rose within the French army during the wars of the French Revolution; eventually became general; led a coup that ended the French Revolution; established French Empire under his rule and deposed in 1815	19