chapter 18 Flashcards

19567589	Ivan III (The Great)	prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar--equivalent of emperor	0
19567590	Third Rome	Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantine empires; based in part on continuity of Orthosox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453.	1
19567591	Ivan IV (the Terrible)	confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture.	2
19567592	Boyars	Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe.	3
19567593	Cossacks	peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements.	4
19567594	Time of Troubles	followed death of Ivan IV without heir early in 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar in 1613.	5
19567595	Romanov dynasty	dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles; ruled Russia until 1917.	6
19567596	Alexis Romanov	Second Romanov tsar; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over Russian Orthodox church.	7
19567597	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization.	8
19567598	Peter I (the Great)	son of Alexis Romanov; ruled from 1689-1725; continued growth of absolutism and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through imitation of western European models.	9
19567599	St. Petersburg	.	10
19567600	Catherine the Great	German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry.	11
19567601	Partition of Poland	division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe.	12
19567602	Obrok	.	13
19567603	Pugachev rebellion	during 1770s in reign of Catherine the Great; led by cossack Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate tsar; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter.	14