Chapters 6-8 Flashcards

12694272	bedoin society/culture	nomadic, strong clan/family loyalty and dependence, feudal, women = in society	0
12694273	leadership of tribes/clans	shaykhs-men with large herds, many wives, children, retainers; clan councils	1
12694274	importance of Mecca	founded by Umayyads, important for trade	2
12694275	Ka'ba	in Mecca, one of most revered shrines	3
12694276	5 pillars and technical terms	zakat; No God but Allah, Muhammad is his Prophet; pray facing Mecca 5 times a day; fast during Ramadan; hajj	4
12694277	Umma	community of the faithful	5
12694278	Abu Bakr	second caliph	6
12694279	Ridda	wars following Muhammad's death	7
12694280	jihad	holy wars to spread faith	8
12694281	hajj	pilgrimage to Mecca	9
12694282	Uthman	third caliph-his murder sparked Sunni/Shi'a split	10
12694283	Sunni	Umayyad supporters	11
12694284	Shi'a	Ali supporters	12
12694285	Karbala	Ali's second son is killed here	13
12694286	wazir	chief administrator, head of caliph's inner councils	14
12694287	gender roles	during Muhammad's life-good; after-bad	15
12694288	importance of Medina	birthplace of Muhammad (?), trading center	16
12694289	Al-Mahdi	third Abbasid caliph, tried to mediate with Shi'a, led to Abbasid downfall	17
12694290	Harun al-Rashid	fourth Abbasid caliph, luxurious lifestyle, death led to civil wars over succession	18
12694291	Buyids	invaded, captured Baghdad; kept Abbasids as figurehead; ruled under sultan	19
12694292	Seljuk Turks	staunch Sunnis, ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs	20
12694293	Saladin	reconquered most of Crusade outposts, united Islam	21
12694294	Ibn Khaldun	historian, author of Muqaddimah (history of Islam)	22
12694295	Rubaiyat	poem by Omar Kayam-seeks to find meaning in life, path to divine	23
12694296	Shah-Nama	book that relates history of Persia from creation to Islamic conquests	24
12694297	Ulama	conservative, Orthodox Islamic scholars	25
12694298	Sufis	Islamic mystics, sought personal union with Allah	26
12694299	Mongols	killed last Abbasid caliph	27
12694300	Muhammad ibn Qasim	expanded Umayyad empire	28
12694301	Bhaktic cults	Hindu groups dedicated to gods, goddesses	29
12694302	Shrivijay	trading empire resisted Islam, fall allowed Asia to be opened to Islam	30
12694303	Malacca	portuguese trade town	31
12694304	Demak	most important trading center on north coast of Java, converted to Islam	32
12694305	causes of Abbasid decline	luxurious lifestyle of caliphs, Mongol and Turk invasions	33
12694306	position of women in Abbasid empire	low	34
12694307	theological developments of Islam in Abbasid empire	vibrant mystics, suspicious of sciences	35
12694308	Were Muslims successful in converting Indians to Islam?	caused conflict, effected caste system, cultural fusion	36
12694309	effects of Islam's arrival in India	eventually Pakistan-Islam, India-Hinduism	37
12694310	effect of Crusades	little threat to Muslims	38
12694311	Mali (and other kingdoms)	promoted Islam	39
12694312	Sudanic states	territorial core, patriarchal leaders considered sacred	40
12694313	Great Zimbabwe	associated with bird of God, building	41
12694314	Sahel	extensive grassland belt on edge of Sahara, trading point	42
12694315	Amoravids	puritanical reformists, sought to convert Africans, Spaniards	43
12694316	Mansa	emperor	44
12694317	Lalibela	king built churches out of rock	45
12694318	Juula	merchants who traded throughout much of west Africa	46
12694319	Sundiata	outlined govt. of Mali	47
12694320	Griots	professional oral historians	48
12694321	Timbuktu	port city	49
12694322	Songhay	made up of farmers, herders, fishers	50
12694323	Hausa states	ruled by urbanized royal courts	51
12694324	Zanj	east African coast	52
12694325	Ibn Batuta	Arab traveler	53
12694326	Nok	used agriculture, iron tools	54
12694327	Yoruba	supported by peasantry, dominated by aristocracy	55
12694328	Ile-Ife	Yoruban state	56
12694329	Benin	city-state that specializedin in ivory, bronze	57
12694330	Kongo Kingdom	Confederation of smaller states	58