Chapter 7 The Scientific View of the World and Chapter 8 The Enlightenment Flashcards

37198283	Deductive Reasoning	a logical process in which conclusions are drawn from a set of premises containing no more info than the premises taken collectively. E.g. All dogs are animals. This is a dog; therefore this is an animal., reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)	0
37198284	Inductive Reasoning	reasoning from detailed facts to general principles	1
37198285	Empiricism	medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings	2
37198286	Cognito	to think	3
37198287	Novum Organum	Bacon coined this term, meaning "The New Organon" or system of investigation	4
37198288	Heliocentric	having the sun as the center	5
37198289	Cartesian	Of or relating to Descartes and his work; espcially on logical analysis and mechanistic interpretation of physical nature. A follower of such philosophy.	6
37198290	Hugo Grotius	a Dutch journalist who called for an international code based on natural law. Believed that one body of rules could reduce the dealing of governments to a system of reason and order	7
37198291	Leviathan	something very large; giant sea creature in the Bible	8
37198292	Wealth of Nations	This is the 18th century book written by Scottish economist Adam Smith in which he spells out the first modern account of free market economies.	9
37198293	The Spirit of Laws	Montesquieu, about separation of powers.	10
37198294	Social Contract	the idea that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will	11
37198295	Condorcet	Wrote The Progress of the Human Mind. He identified humans will go through 10 stages of progress. They were about to enter the tenth where humans will be perfect in understanding.	12
37198296	Laissez-faire	policy based on the idea that government should play as a role	13
37198297	Taille	tax on property and land, provided permanent income for French royal government	14
37198298	Maria Theresa	This was the queen of Austria as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction. She limited the papacy's political influence in Austria, strengthened her central bureaucracy and cautiously reduced the power that nobles had over their serfs	15
37198299	Joseph II	This was the ruler of the Habsburgs that controlled the Catholic Church closely, granted religious toleration and civic rights to Protestants and Jews, and abolished serfdom	16
37198300	Leopold II	Belgian king who ruthlessly exploited the natives on his African land for personal gain.	17
37198301	Tory	a supporter of traditional political and social institutions against the forces of reform	18
37198302	Whig	a member of the Whig Party in the United States in pre-Civil-War times	19