Ap world history Flashcards

38105069	bodhisattva	a person who has attained enlightenment but who has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment	0
38105070	jainism	religion founded in the 6th century BC as a revolt against Hinduism	1
38105071	mahavira	an extreme aesthetic who founded the religion Jainism and thought of several Hindu concepts, such as karma, in a very concrete way	2
38105072	shinto	the ancient indigenous religion of Japan lacking formal dogma	3
38105073	kami	one the Shinto deities (including mythological beings, spirits of distinguished men, forces of nature)	4
38105074	shotoku	Japanese Prince, sent three missions into China to bring back Chinese culture.	5
38105075	TaNaKh	the Jewish scriptures which consist of three divisions--the Torah and the Prophets and the Writings	6
38105076	torah	(Judaism) the scroll of parchment on which the first five books of the Hebrew Scripture is written	7
38105077	abraham	Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command.	8
38105078	moses	(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus	9
38105079	YHVH	a name for the God of the Old Testament as transliterated from the Hebrew consonants YHVH	10
38105080	dead sea scrolls	(Old Testament) a collection of written scrolls (containing nearly all of the Old Testament) found in a cave near the Dead Sea in the late 1940s	11
38105081	diaspora	the dispersion or spreading of something that was originally localized (as a people or language or culture)	12
38105082	10 lost tribes of Israel	Ancient tribes of Israel that disappeared from the Biblical account after they were enslaved/exiled by Assyrians.	13
38105083	Gnostic gospels	one claiming special or secret knowledge. Heresy in the early Church	14
38105084	Eucharist	a Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine	15
38105085	paul of Tarsus	the most important figure in the spread of Christianity after Jesus's death	16
38105086	constantine	Roman Emperor (4th century A.D.) who promoted tolerance to all religions in the Roman Empire and legalized Christianity	17
38105087	theodosius	He divides the Roman Empire into two different empires (Roman & Byzantine). He also makes Christianity the only religion you could be.	18
38105088	Augustine	(Roman Catholic Church) one of the great fathers of the early Christian church	19
38105089	Arianism	heretical doctrine taught by Arius that asserted the radical primacy of the Father over the Son	20
38105090	clovis	king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy	21
38105091	gregory	(Roman Catholic Church) a pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership	22
38105092	monasticism	a way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith	23
38105093	Benedict of Nursia	Italian monk who created a set of rules for Western monasteries in the 6th century	24
38105094	orthodoxy	state of following established teachings especially in religion	25
38105095	carolingians	the family that ruled the Franks in Gaul from 751 to 987 in the Carolingian Dynasty. This began when Pepin was declared king. They lost power after the Treaty of Verdun.	26
38105096	charlemagne	king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor	27
38105097	carolingian renaissance	Charlemagne's efforts led to the revival of learning and culture, rebirth	28
38105098	quran	the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina	29
38105099	muhammad	the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)	30
38105100	hadith	(Islam) the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran	31
38105101	umma	the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan	32
38105102	mecca	joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia	33
38105103	ka'aba	(Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine	34
38105104	hajj	the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah	35
38105105	jihad	a holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal	36
38105106	Dar al-Islam	the literal meaning of the arabic words is "the abodeof peace" the term refers to the land of Islam or the teritorys in which Islam and its religious laws may be freely practice	37
38105107	hijra	The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam	38
38105108	caliph	the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth	39
38105109	Abu Bakr	Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death.	40
38105110	sunni	one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam	41
38105111	shi'a	one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam	42
38105112	ali	the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites	43
38105113	imam	(Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque	44
38105114	mahdi	The last Imam for the Twelvers, believe that he disappeared but will return to save them	45
38105115	ummayyad	Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Isla	46
38105116	abbasid	The dynasty that came after the Umayyads. Devoted their energy to trade, scholorship, and the arts.	47
38105117	fatimids	people who claimed they were descended by Muhammad's daughter Fatima. The Shi'a Muslims formed the Fatimid Caliphate around 1258 in North Africa but it eventually spread to western Arabia and Syria.	48
38105118	seljuk turks	nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly	49
38105119	ulama	the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community	50
38105120	sufis	a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life	51
38105121	delhi sultanate	A Muslim leader of Ghur who defeated Hindu armies made Delhi, the third largest city of India, his capital.	52
38105122	ghana	a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea	53
38105123	mali	a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa	54
38105124	sundiata	the one son of Mandinka that survived, founded Mali	55
38105125	mansa musa	a king of Mali in the 1300s	56
38105126	shari'a	the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed	57
38105127	dhimmi	Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists	58
38105128	crusade	a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end	59
38105129	reconquista	The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.	60
38105130	inquisition	a severe interrogation (often violating the rights or privacy of individuals)	61
38105131	cultural diffusion vs. independent innovation	A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s.	62
38105132	woman's role in religious practices	their role was to take care of the families more than to pracice certain traditions they were subserveant to men	63
38105133	republics vs. democracies	Separate government entities joined together in the federal union Popular government	64
38105134	slavery	the condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages	65
38105135	trade routes	a network of routes where people traded/shared goods as well as ideas and religion	66