Ch. 7 Vocabulary Flashcards
From the AP Edition of World Civilizations: The Global Experience (Fifth Edition) is Chapter 7 Vocabulary. It is for my AP World History class at East Career & Technical Academy.
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| 36559003 | Al-Mahdi | Third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession | 0 | |
| 36559004 | Haran Al-Rashid | Within a year after Mahdi's death, his eldest son and successor was poisoned, leaving the most famous and enduring of the Abbasid caliphs (Haran Al-Rashid: 786-809) to ascend the throne | 1 | |
| 36559005 | Buyids | Regional splinter dynasty of the mid-10th century; invaded and captured Baghdad; ruled Abbasid Empire under title of sultan; retained Abbasids as figureheads | 2 | |
| 36559006 | Seljuk Turks | Nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century | 3 | |
| 36559007 | Crusades | Series of military adventures initally launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy | 4 | |
| 36559008 | Saladin | Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outposts for Islam | 5 | |
| 36559009 | Ibn Khaldun | A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations—strong, weak, dissolute | 6 | |
| 36559010 | Rubaiyat | Epic poem of Omar Khayyam; seeks to find meaning in life and a path to union with the divine | 7 | |
| 36559011 | Shah-Nama | Written by Firdawsi in late 10th and early 11th centuries; relates history of Persia from creation to the Islamic conquests | 8 | |
| 36559012 | Sa'di | A Persian poet who fused an everyday message with a religious one in the following relation of a single moment in his own life | 9 | |
| 36559013 | Al-Razi | A scheme to classify all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral. | 10 | |
| 36559014 | Al-Biruni | A major figure of Islamic mathematics; he contributed to astronomy, mathematics, physics, medicine and history. | 11 | |
| 36559015 | Ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking | 12 | |
| 36559016 | Al-Ghazali | Brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by Ulama | 13 | |
| 36559017 | Sufis | Mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia and other regions | 14 | |
| 36559018 | Mongols | Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph | 15 | |
| 36559019 | Muhammad Ibn Qasim | Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to be part of Umayyad Empire | 16 | |
| 36559020 | Arabic Numerals | Counting symbols, numerals 0-9, devised by mathematicians in Gupta India by the Arabs | 17 | |
| 36559021 | Harsha | The last Hindu ruler of India, reigning in the 7th centiry, from 606 to 648, before he was assassinated leaving no heir | 18 | |
| 36559022 | Mahmud of Ghazni | Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern India; credited with sacking one of wealthiest of Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression. | 19 | |
| 36559023 | Muhammad of Ghur | Military commander of Persian extraction who ruled small mountain kingdom in Afghanistan; began process of conquest to establish Muslim political control of northern India; borught much of Indus valley, Sind, and northwestern India under his control | 20 | |
| 36559024 | Qutb-Ud Din Aibak | Slave dynasty ruler of India; lieutenant of Muhammad of Ghur; established kingdom in India with the capital at Delhi | 21 | |
| 36559025 | Sati | A funeral ritual Hindus practice in which a women was required to sacrfice herself by throwing herself on her husband's body and being burned together as a way to wipe away their sins | 22 | |
| 36559026 | Bhaktic Cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods and goddesses; stressed the importance of strong emotional bongs between devotees and the god or goddess who the object of their veneration; mose widely worshipped gods were Shiva and Vishnu | 23 | |
| 36559027 | Mira Bai | Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women | 24 | |
| 36559028 | Kabir | muslim mystic; played down the importance of ritual differences between hinduism and islam | 25 | |
| 36559029 | Shrivijaya | Trading empire centered on Malacca Straits between Malaya and Sumatra; controlled trade of empire; Buddhist government resistant to Muslim missionaries; fall opened up southeastern Asia to Muslim conversion. | 26 | |
| 36559030 | Malacca | Portuguese factory or fortifies trade town located on the tip of the Malayan peninsula; traditionally a center for trade amoung the southeastern Asian islands | 27 | |
| 36559031 | Demak | Most powerful of the trading states on north coast of Java; converted to Islam and served as point of dissemination to other ports | 28 |