P3 Flashcards

89768669	Italian Renaissance	Trade simulated by the Crusades made several of the Italian city-states wealthy and wealthy families became patrons of the arts supporting; some of the supporters were Catholic Popes	0
89768670	Renewed Interests during the Renaissance	reading, writing, architecture, and philosophy	1
89768671	wealthy city-states of the Renaissance	Genoa, Venice, and Florence	2
89768672	wealthy family/ patrons of the arts supporting	Medici family	3
89768673	artists that the patrons supported	da Vinci or Michelangelo	4
89771721	Renaissance Man	excelled in many areas of study	5
89771722	humanism	focus on the accomplishments, characteristics, and capabilities of humans, not God; challenged Medieval Christian value	6
89771723	Machiavelli and Shakespeare	inspiring literary styles	7
89771724	Rise of bourgeoisie (town dwellers)	developed new class; eventually become more wealthy than nobles	8
89771725	growth of income gap	late 16th century; rise of wealth of bourgeoisie created gap between rich and poor	9
89771726	change in marriage	most of world=arranged; choice started in Europe; had later marriages to be sure to support a family but resulted in fewer births	10
89775418	Prince Henry of Portugal	determined to increase Portuguese influence of exploration	11
89775419	Bartolomeu Dias	explorer; reached Cape of Good Hope and Indian Ocean 1488	12
89775420	Vasco da Gama	arrived in Calicut 1498	13
89775421	Cristoforo Colombo	hoped to reach Asia by sailing west; rejected by Portuguese king but sponsored by king and queen of Spain; 1492 led 3 ships to Caribbean Sea believed near Japan	14
89775422	Ferdinand Magellan	crossed Atlantic and Pacific 1519-1522; 1 out of 5 completed circumnavigation of world; died in conflict with Philippine Island	15
89775423	Captain James Cook	British Explorer to Australia	16
89775424	3 G's	God, Gold, Glory	17
89776816	volta do mar	navigation technique perfected by Portuguese	18
89776817	Portuguese	built more than 50 trading posts between west Africa and East Asia	19
89776818	1565	Spanish conquest of the Philippines	20
89776819	Seven Years' War	British and Prussians vs. France, Austria, and Russia	21
89776820	Place of Seven Years' War	Europe, India, Caribbean, and North America	22
89776821	Outcome of Seven Years' War	British hegemony; gained control of India, Canada and Florida; Prussians held off massive armies of enemies; war paved the way for British empire in 19th century	23
89778873	Medieval Art	entirely religious, flat, stiff	24
89778874	Renaissance Art	religious and secular, public places and homes and cathedrals, changes to more realistic	25
90191431	Colombian Exchange	global diffusion of plants, food, crops, animals, human populations, and disease pathogens; permanently altered earth's environment	26
90191432	Epidemic Diseases	led to staggering population loss; reduced Aztec population by 95% in one century after 1519; same affect in Pacific Islands	27
90191433	Between 1500-1800	100 million people died of imported disease	28
90191434	Colombian Exchange in America	horses, maize, potatoes, beans; Growth of Population- 425 million in 1500=900 million in 1800	29
90191435	Enslaved Africans	largest group of migrants from 1500-1800	30
90191436	Transoceanic trades	European merchants created a genuinely global trading system of supply and demand, linking the ports of the world	31
90191437	The Manila Galleons	Asian luxury goods to Mexico/ Silver from Mexico to CHINA; Asian luxury goods to Europe/ Silver to CHINA	32
90191438	Martin Luther and 95 Theses	Attacked corruption in the Roman Catholic Church; called for reform; attacked sale of indulgences; argument reproduced with printing presses and widely read	33
90191439	sale of indulgences	pardons sold that released people from performing penalties of their sins	34
90191440	Main disagreement with Roman Church	equated good works with salvation and ignored importance of faith	35
90191441	Martin Luther's Ideas	Faith in God's forgiveness brought salvation; Teachings should be based on Bible; All people with faith are equal	36
90191442	King Henry VIII's English Reformation	desired divorce; unapproved; declared himself King of the English Church	37
90191443	John Calvin	missionaries successful in Scotland, Low countries, France, and England	38
90191444	Calvin's Predestination	doctrine that God has foreordained all things, especially that God has elected certain souls to enter salvation	39
90191445	Gutenberg's Printing Press	helped spread reform by printing the Bible; increases literacy and use of vernacular	40
90191446	Protestant Reformation	reason: merchants resented paying taxes to church in Rome	41
90191447	Catholic Reformation	response to Protestant Reformation	42
90191448	Council of Trent	1545-1563, directed reform of Roman Catholic Church	43
90191449	Society of Jesus (Jesuits)	founded 1540 by Ignatius Loyola; high standards in education; became effective advisors and missionaries worldwide	44
90191450	The Thirty Years' War	1618-1648; based on religion; most destructive European war up to WWI	45