Soc: Chapter 4 Flashcards

99263725	Minoans	successful traders from the island of Crete, adapted ideas and technology from Egypt and Mesopotamia, destroyed by Mycenaean invasion	0
99263726	Mycenaeans	sea traders that spoke Greek, dominated Aegean world for 200 years, acquired skills and customs from Minoans, developed city states, defeated by Dorian invasion	1
99263727	Dorians	Sea raiders, spoke Greek, defeated Mycenaeans, invasions caused decline of cities, trading and writing throughout Mediterranean	2
99263728	Cyrus the Great	King of Persia established the Persian Empire	3
99263729	Zoroastrianism	A new religion developed by the Persians. Stressed importance of moral choice. Saw material existence as battle between good and evil.	4
99263730	Olympic Games	Held during a time of peace and no fighting between city states. Only men participated - without clothing.	5
99263731	Pericles	Famous great political figure, dominated Athenian politics, was an aristocrat, Took part in the democratic political structure.	6
99263732	Peloponnesian Wars	A war between Spartans and Athenians, split Greek world in half, weakened both city-states. Easily conquered by Philip the 2nd of Macedon.	7
99263733	Philip the 2nd of Macedon	Conqueror of Greece in 338 BCE. Succeeded by son Alexander the Great.	8
99263734	Hellenistic Period	Time where Greek art and culture merged with influences from Middle East. Comes from the Hellenes (the Greeks).	9
99263735	Alexandria	City named after Alexander the Great. Trade flourished. Was an important scientific center. Center of world trade and culture.	10
99263736	Roman Republic	A government by the educated people. They developed a strong military, and extended their influence to the Italian peninsula and Greece.	11
99263737	Punic Wars	A series of 3 was against the city of Carthage. Fought because Rome wanted to extend their territory - Carthage fought back.	12
99263738	Carthage	Phoenician city on the northern coast of Africa. Had the brilliant general Hannibal.	13
99263739	Hannibal	Brilliant general from the Phoenician city of Carthage. Was able to watch his opponents fight, and find their weaknesses.	14
99263740	Diocletian	Roman emperor who ruled during Rome's decline. Tried to save the empire. Implemented tetrarchy - rule of 4 that divided the empire.	15
99263741	Constantine	Roma emperor that adopted Christianity. Passed the edict of Milan.	16
99263742	Polis	Greek word for city-state. Our word politics comes from Polis	17
99263743	Direct Democracy	Government where major decisions of state are made by general assemblies, where all citizens should participate.	18
99263744	Senate	Most important body of legislative politics; composed mainly of aristocrats. Members held virtually all executive offices in the Roman state.	19
99263745	Consuls	Two political figures who shared executive power. Example: Publius Cornelius Sapio	20
99263746	Aristotle	Philosopher who stressed the importance of moderation and balance in human behavior. Balance not found in political life.	21
99263747	Stoics	Emphasized inner moral independence, strict personal discipline, and personal behavior.	22
99263748	Socrates	Athenian philosopher, encouraged his students to question proven theories.	23
99263749	Plato	Pupil of Socrates, philosopher. Believed that human reason could approach an understanding of 3 perfect forms - the true, good, and beautiful.	24
99263750	Sophocles	Athenian dramatist. Writer of tragedies - where everyone dies. Author of Oedipus Rex.	25
99263751	The Iliad and the Odyssey	Stories written by the poet Homer. Knowledge of Greek polytheism.	26
99263752	Doric, Ionic, Corinthian columns	Doric - most simple Ionic - most common Corinthian - most ornate	27
99263753	Autonomy	Self controlled, governing (Greece)	28
99263754	Sparta	Strong military aristocracy. Large slave population.	29
99263755	Athens	Democracy (people get the power). Artistic and intellectual leadership. Evolved into a Direct Democracy.	30
99263756	Sophists	Questioned accepted ideas (Greek).	31
99263757	Greek Architecture	Sought reflected harmony in the universe.	32
99263758	Greek Art	Sculptor emphasized the realistic human form.	33
99263759	Euripides	Writer of tragedies.	34
99263760	Herodotus	Created the standards for future historians.	35
99263761	Pax Romana	Peace and prosperity	36
99263762	Roman Decline	476 CE, Rome is sacked by invaders from the north, after several years of decline.	37
99263763	Aristocratic Assemblies	Most popular form of city-state government in Greece. Established guidelines for city-state policy.	38
99263764	Aristocracy	Greek word for "rule of the best".	39
99263765	The Twelve Tablets	Circa 450 BCE. Common laws that integrate society.	40
99263766	Important Laws to Romans	Property Law Laws of Commerce	41
99263767	"Bread and Circuses"	Cheap food, the gladiator, and the coliseum.	42
99263768	Pythagoras	Mathematics and geometry.	43
99263769	Ptolemy	Astronomy; planetary movement	44
99263770	Rome's Accomplishments	Roads, bridges, aqueducts, arches, religiously inspired art (statues, temples, music, plays, etc.).	45
99263771	Feudal	Type of land system with higher lords and tenant farmers.	46
99263772	Loss of Land	Loss of voting rights (Rome).	47
99263773	Solution for Lack of Grain Producing Land	"Grain Colonies". Rome=Sicily & N. Africa. Greece = Middle East	48