Chapter 5 Flashcards

114587573	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	0
114587574	Axum	Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; replaced Meroe in first century CE; received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity	1
114587575	Ethiopia	A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynast of King Lalaibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa	2
114587576	Shintoism	The indigenous religion of Japan, polytheistic in character and incorporating the worship of a number of ethnic divinities, from the chief of which the emperor is believed to be descended; primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship	3
114587577	Olmec	Cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c. 1200 BCE; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems	4
114587578	Teotihuacan	Site of classic culture in central Mexico; urban center with important religious functions; supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions; population of as much as 200,000	5
114587579	Maya	Classical culture emerging in southern Mexico and Central America contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical systems, highly developed religion	6
114587580	Inca	Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures; term also used for leader of empire	7
114587581	Aztecs	A Native American people who ruled Mexico and neighboring areas before the Spaniards conquered the region in the sixteenth century; starting in the twelfth century, they built up an advanced civilization and empire	8
114587582	Polynesian	Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island	9
114587583	Sui	Dynasty that succeeded the Han in China; emerged from strong rulers in northern China; united all of northern China and reconquered southern China	10
114587584	Tang	Dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618 CE; more stable than previous dynasty	11
114587585	Islam	Major world religion having its origins in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literally submission; based on prophecy of Muhammad	12
114587586	Allah	Supreme God in strictly monotheistic Islam	13
114587587	Constantinople	A city founded by the Roman emperor Constantine as capital of the eastern part of the Roman Empire; Constantine ruled over both parts of the empire from Constantinople, which was later capital of the Byzantine Empire; Constantinople was conquered by Turkish forces in the fifteenth century.	14
114587588	Byzantine Empire	Eastern half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; later lost Palestine, Syria, and Egypt to Islam; capital at Constantinople	15
114587589	Diocletian	Roman emperor from 284 to 305 CE; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection	16
114587590	Constantine	Roman emperor form 312 to 337 CE; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of Christianity to unify empire spiritually	17
114587591	Germanic Tribes	The basic Germanic political structure was the tribe, headed by a chief who was elected for his ability as a war leader; the Germanic religion was polytheistic, their society was a warrior aristocracy, and finally their societal structure was a mobile one; the large migrations of land-hungry Germans during the 3rd and 4th centuries resulted in Rome's losing control of the great frontier; Germanic tribes included the Franks, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Burgundians, Angles, Saxons, Vandals and Lombards.	18
114587592	Justinian	Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)	19
114587593	Augustine	Influential church father and theologian (354- 430 CE); born in Africa and ultimately bishop of Hippo in Africa; champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long-term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination	20
114587594	Coptic	An Afroasiatic language of Egypt descended from ancient Egyptian, largely extinct as a spoken language since the 16th century but surviving as the liturgical language of the Coptic Church.	21
114587595	bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men; built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes; prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness	22
114587596	Mahayana	Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior	23
114587597	Jesus	A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices; was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans; became central figure in Christianity	24
114587598	Paul	One of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law; use of Greek as language of Church	25
114587599	Benedict	Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine Empire	26
114587600	pope	Bishop of Rome; head of the Christian Church in western Europe	27
114587601	animism	A religious outlook that sees gods in many aspects of nature and propitiates them to help control and explain nature; typical of Mesopotamian religions	28
114587602	world religions	Religions recognized and practiced around the world	29