Mrs. Wilson's Semester Final (Part Three) Flashcards

2011. Words seventy to one-hundred three.

126620160	Mauryan Dynasty (Rise and Fall)	First ruler was Chandragupta Maurya; unified much of the entire subcontinent; large armies with thousands of chariots and elephant borne troops; developed a substantial bureaucracy with a postal service; autocratic government. Declined immediately in 232 BCE after Ashoka Maurya died.	0
126620161	Trade Routes of Mauryan Dynasty	From Eastern Asia to the Meditteranean sea by land (not through Himalayas), around Burma through the Bay of Bengal by sea.	1
126620162	Ashoka's Policies	Communicated his policies through his realm through inscribing his edicts on stone; unified India through conquest; established a capital city and safe trade routes; built roads to facilitate trade and communication; highly-developed bureaucracy; centralized government; decline when he died.	2
126620163	Gupta Dynasty (Rise and Fall)	Established tributary alliances to not fight, little crime, science and mathematics. Declined when Huns came crashing through time after time.	3
126620164	Caste and Jati	A hereditary social class among Indian peoples. Jati based on occupation.	4
126620165	Minoan and Mycenaean Contributions to Greeks	- Minoan - Linear A, advanced sailing craft of Phoenician design, indoor plumbing and drainage systems. - Mycenaean - Linear B, the Iliad and Odyssey.	5
126620166	Important Greek Poleis	Sparta and Athens.	6
126620167	Greek Trade	Linked Greek communities with Anatolia, the Meditteranean islands, and the Black Sea. Greeks offered olive oil and wine, Egypt, Sicily, and Southern Russia had grain, salted fish from Spain and the Black Sea lands, timber and pitch from Macedon, tin from Anatolia, slaves from Egypt and Russia.	7
126620168	Wars with Persia	Darius mounted attack to Athens, through outnumbered Athenians were victorious. A decade later, Xerxes launched another attack, first burning Athens but then lost in naval warfare.	8
126620169	The Peloponnesian War	Tensions led to two armed camps, under leadership of Athens and Sparta; unconditional surrender of Athens, 431-404 BCE.	9
126620170	Age of Pericles	The period between 461 and 429 B.C. when Pericles dominated Athenian politics and Athens reached the height of its power.	10
126620171	Athenian Republic	Patriarchal, brutal civil war, reforms turned into democratic state.	11
126620172	Homer	Ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BCE).	12
126620173	Socrates and Plato	Concluded that the mind is seperate from the body and continues after the body dies, knowledge is innate-born within us.	13
126620174	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.	14
126620175	Golden Mean	Aristotle's term for describing ethical behavior as a midpoint between extremes. Everything in moderation.	15
126620176	Western Scientific Thought	Systematic approach of obervation, hypothesis formation, testing and evaluation that forms the basis for modern science.	16
126620177	Sophocles	One of the great tragedians of ancient Greece (496-406 BCE), wrote Oepidius Rex.	17
126620178	Macedon and Philip	Country and leader, expand territory into Central Greece, murdered 336 CE.	18
126620179	Alexander and His Conquests	Tutored by Aristotle, he became one of history's most successful generals. His conquests included lands like Egypt and the Persian Empire, but in his early 30's he died of a mysterious fever.	19
126620180	Hellenistic Era	The time started by Alexander the Great (c. 335 BCE) around the Mediteranian and Middle East. Hellenistic means "imitate greeks", and it is called this because the Greeks were spreading their culture in the Middle east and other non-greek eras. It was very big on advancement of science.	20
126620181	Etruscan Contributions to Rome	An alphabet, how to drain swamps, how to build roads, how to build arches, and how to build aqueducts.	21
126620182	Roman Republic	The ancient Roman state from 509 BCE until Augustus assumed power in 27 BCE.	22
126620183	Plebeians vs. Patricians	- Plebeians - Lower on the social structure. - Patricians - Wealthy, wise, upper class.	23
126620184	Punic Wars	A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 BCE); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.	24
126620185	Gracchi Brothers' Reforms	They wanted to limit latifundia land and giving land to the poor. But they both were murdered.	25
126620186	Julius Caesar	Roman general and dictator. He was murdered by a group of senators and his former friend Brutus who hoped to restore the normal running of the republic.	26
126620187	Roman Empire	An empire established by Augustus in 27 BCE and divided in 395 CE into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern or Byzantine Empire.	27
126620188	Pax Romana and Law	A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 BCE to CE 180. Twelve Tables - The earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450 BCE, that became the foundation of Roman law.	28
126620189	Trade, Roads, and Shipping	Outstanding roads bordered the Meditteranean Sea, between Germania and Gaul to Byzantium.	29
126620190	Paterfamilias and Social Structure	"Father of the Family" - Authority to arrange marriages, determine work, punishment. Roman family consisted of slaves, free servants, and close relatives. By the first century BCE, women supervised financial affairs.	30
126620191	Fall of Rome	Military interference in politics, civil war and unrest, moving the capital and division of the empire, low confidence, disloyalty, contrast between rich and poor, poor harvests, gold and silver drain, inflation, and threat of attack; immediate causes were pressure from Huns, invasion by Germanic tribes and by Huns, sack of Rome, and conquest by invaders.	31
126620192	Cultural Diffusion vs. Independent Innovation	In anthropology, the process by which a cultural trait, material object, idea, or behavior pattern is spread from one society to another vs. a culture creating a trait, material object, idea, or behavior pattern that is apart from other societies.	32
127492694	Aristocracy	A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility.	33