AP World History: Mediterranean Flashcards
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| 247296646 | Cyrus the Great | Most famous Persian emperor; controlled land & people across northern Middle East and northwestern India | |
| 247296647 | Pericles | Dominated Athenian overnment in 500 B.C.; ruled wisely and cleverly; culdn't prevent Peloponnesian wars | |
| 247296648 | Alexander the Great | Extended Greek Empire (begun by Philip 2) into Persian Empire and India; spread Greek culture | |
| 247296649 | Hellenistic period | After Alexander's death, Greek culture merged ith Middle Eastern culture; trade & important scientific centers established, such as Alexandria | |
| 247296650 | Punic Wars | Between Roman republic and Phoenician colony (Carthage) over control of Mediterranean; Hannibal unable to stop Romans; Romans conquered Greece & north Africa | |
| 247296651 | Julius Caesar | Dictator of Roman republic; ended republic; successor was Augustus and with him, transformed it into an empire | |
| 247296652 | Diocletian and constantine | Strong emperors toward the fall of Rome; tried to reverse the tide of its fall; one moved the capital away from Rome & allowed free Christian worship | |
| 247296653 | Greek city-states | United in language and religion; had differing forms of government (including monarchies, oligarchies, aristocratically controlled democracies) | |
| 247296654 | Senate | Most important Roman legislative body (in the republic), mainly composed of aristocrats | |
| 247296655 | Consuls | 2 men who shared executive power in Roman republic | |
| 247296656 | Cicero | Roman writer and senator who expounded on the value of oratory in political discourse | |
| 247296657 | Socrates | Leading figure in development of Mediterranean philosophy; encouraged students to question conventional wisdom; work symbolized Greco-Roman emphasis on power of human thought | |
| 247296658 | Plato | Socrates' pupil; suggested humans could approach an understanding of the perfect forms of truth, good, and beauty | |
| 247296659 | Aristotle | Plato's pupil; developed logic and scientific reasoning in Western sense; stressed value of moderation | |
| 247296660 | Stoicism | Greek philosophy; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline & personal bravery | |
| 247296661 | Sophocles | Athenian drmatist; psychological tragedies | |
| 247296662 | Iliad | Epic poem attributed to Homer; defined gods and hman nature that shaped Greek mythos | |
| 247296663 | Battle of Marathon | Persians who invaded Greece defeated on Plain of Marathon by Athenian army led by Miltiades | |
| 247296664 | King Xerxes | Invaded Greece in retribution of earlier Persian defeats; forces defeated in the battles of Salamis and Plataea | |
| 247296665 | Themistocles | Athenian leader; advocated for Athenian navy during Persian Wars; led to defeat of Persian fleet at Battle of Salamis by Athenian navy | |
| 247296666 | Battle of Thermopylae | Spartan kin Leonidas and army of Spartans and Thespians refused to surrender to Persian army (that outnumbered them); annihilated but allowed other Greek armies to prepare for Persian invasion | |
| 247296667 | Zoroastrianism | Life is a battle between good an evil | |
| 247296668 | Olympic Games | All Greek city-states sent representatives | |
| 247296669 | Peloponnesian Wars | Athens vs. Sparta; Sparta wins, but many city-states weakened | |
| 247296670 | Philip II of Macedon | Defeated combined army of Thebes and Athens; became ruler of these Greek city-states | |
| 247296671 | Alexandria | Center f Hellenistic culture | |
| 247296672 | Roman Republic | Aristocratic Senate, panel of magistrates, popular assemblies | |
| 247296673 | Carthage | City-stae in north Africa founded by Phoenicians | |
| 247296674 | Hannibal | General who led troops during the Second Punics war; defeated at Battle of Zama by Scipio | |
| 247296675 | Augustus Caesar | Resotred order to Rome after political chaos; assumed his title; instituted a monarchial government in which emperor is dictator, chief military general, and chief priest; first Roman emperor | |
| 247296676 | Twelve Tables | in reponse to democratization of republic | |
| 247296677 | Herodotus | Greek historian; wrote an account of Persian Wars in the Histories | |
| 247296678 | GAlen | wrote many medical treatises that formed basis of modern medical practice; Hellenistic | |
| 247296679 | Euclid | mathematician (Hellenistic) produced world's most widely used compendium of gemoetry | |
| 247296680 | Ptolemy | Hellenistic astronomer; produced elaborate thoery of sun's motion around Earth | |
| 247296681 | Sappho | Greek poet; poetry developed complexities of inner workings of human beings & love | |
| 247296682 | Vergil | Great Roman poet during "Golden Age" of Latin literature; patronized by Augusts; auother of Aeneid |