AP World Chapter 16 Vocab Flashcards

136015077	Renaissance (European)	A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture	0
136015078	papacy	The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head	1
136015079	indulgence	The forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act	2
136015080	Protestant Reformation	Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. Resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including Lutherans, Reformed Churches and the Church of England	3
136015081	Catholic Reformation	Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church which began in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline	4
136015082	witch-hunt	The pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late 16ht and 17th centuries	5
136015083	Enlightenment	A philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics	6
136015084	bourgeoisie	In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce and allied professions	7
136015085	joint-stock company	A business that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks and profits among many investors	8
136015086	stock exchange	A place where shares in a company or business enterprise are bought and sold	9
136015087	gentry	The class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy	10
136015088	Little Ice Age	A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590's. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable	11
136015089	deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves	12
136015090	Holy Roman Empire	962-1806; Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities headed by an emperor elected by the princes	13
136015091	Habsburg	A powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded Austrian Empire and ruled 16th-17th century Spain	14
136015092	English Civil War	1642-1649; A conflict over royal vs. Parliamentary rights, caused by King Charles I's arrest of his parliamentary critics and ending with his execution. Its outcome checked the growth of royal absolutism and, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the English Bill of Rights of 1689, ensured that England would be a constitutional monarchy	15
136015093	Versailles	The huge palace built for French King Louis XIV south of Paris in the town of Versailles. The palace symbolized the preeminence of French power and architecture in Europe and the triumph of royal authority of the French nobility	16
136015094	balance of power	The policy in international relations by which, beginning in the 18th century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful	17