Chapter 14&15 Vocab Flashcards

259795388	Latin West	Territories of Europe that adhended to the Latin rite of Christianity and language.	0
259795389	Three Field System	A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe.	1
259795390	Black Death	The epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe	2
259795391	Water Wheel	A mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900.	3
259795392	Hanseatic League	An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.	4
259795393	Guild	In medieval Europe, an association of men, such as merchants, artisans, or professors, who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests.	5
259795394	Gothic Cathedrals	Large churches originating in twelfth-century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows.	6
259795395	Renaissance	The period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world	7
259795396	Universities	Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities.	8
259795397	Scholaticism	A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas.	9
259795398	Humanists	European scholoars or teacher associated with the sudy of humanities.	10
259795399	Printing Press	A mechanical device for transferring text or graphics from a woodblock or type to paper using ink. Presses using movable type first appeared in Europe in about 1450.	11
259795400	Great Western Schism	A division in the Latin Christian Church.	12
259795401	Hundred Year War	Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France.	13
259795402	New Monarchies	Historians' term for the monarchies in France, England, and Spain from 1450 to 1600. The centralization of royal power was increasing within more or less fixed territorial limits.	14
259795403	Reconquest of Liberia	Beginning in the eleventh century, millitary campaigns by various Iberian Christian States to recapture territory.	15
259795404	Zheng He	An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.	16
259795405	Arawak	A meridian peoples w, a family of South American Indian languages spoken in northeastern South America, Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus.	17
259795406	Henry The Navigator	Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa.	18
259795407	Caravel	A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.	19
259795408	Gold Coast	Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward.	20
259795409	Bartolomeu Dias	Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean.	21
259795410	Vasco da Gama	Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.	22
259795411	Christopher Columbus	Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization.	23
259795412	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world.	24
259795413	Conquistadors	Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru.	25
259795414	Hernan Cortes	Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico.	26
259795415	Moctezuma II	Last Aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish conquistador.	27
259795416	Francisco Pizarro	Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima.	28
259795417	Atahualpa	Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish.	29