AP World Chapter 2 Flashcards

214608284	Hinduism	Unlike all the other world religions, ___ had no single founder, no central holy figure from whom the basic religious beliefs stemmed	0
214608285	False	Hinduism, which is polytheistic, never developed the idea of an overarching divine force of which every individual creature's soul is part.	1
214608286	Reincarnation	Hindus stressed the principle of ___ for those of all castes	2
214608287	Upanishads	Stressed the importance of mystical contact and contemplation of the divine spirit, rather than the pursuit of shallow worldly concerns, such as riches	3
214608288	Dharma	The ethical concept of ___ was far less detailed and prescriptive than the ethical codes of Christianity and Islam	4
214608289	Buddha	The ___ lived as a Hindu mystic but eventually rejected certain Hindu teachings, such as the idea of the caste	5
214608290	Nirvana	Buddhism does not reject the Hindu idea of ___, a world beyond existence where the soul can achieve mystical union with the divine	6
214608291	True	Despite strong Brahman opposition, Buddhism established itself as a permanent and powerful religious force in Sri Lanka, China, Korea, and Japan.	7
214608292	Gupta	The ___'s supported one of the world's first university centers in the town of Nalanda.	8
214608293	False	Because of the strong emphasis on religion in India, few advances were made in India in the fields of astronomy and medicine.	9
214608294	False	The religion founded by the Buddha provided support for the Vedic priests or the brahmans.	10
214608295	Hindu	The focus in classical India was on religion and social structures that would support a ___ way of life	11
214608296	True	Although Alexander the Great did not establish a durable empire, nevertheless his invasion of India created Indian contacts with Hellenic culture.	12
214608297	Himalayas	Cut India off from contact with South Asia	13
214608298	Rig-Veda	The first Aryan epic, ___, which consisted of hymns dedicated to the Aryan gods, attributed to the rise of the caste system to the gods	14
214608299	Chandragupta	The first of the Mauryan dynasty of Indian rulers, who were the first rulers to unify much of the entire subcontinent	15
214608300	Ashoka	Converted to Buddhism; did not persecute Hinduism and gained control over all but the southern tip of India through fierce fighting	16
214608301	Hinduism	The Gupta rulers, who favored ___, gave classical India its greatest period of political stability	17
214608302	False	Under the Mauryans and the Guptas, India developed the same solid political traditions and institutions of Chinese civilizations.	18
214608303	Caste system	Gave India the most rigid overall framework for a social structure of any of the classical civilizations	19
214608304	Chinese	The empire that was the largest political system in the classical world	20
214608305	Wu Ti	Established examinations for his bureaucrats- the first example of civil service tests of the sort that many governments have instituted in modern times	21
214608306	Qin	Under the ___ rulers, the government played a major role in promoting Legalism as an official statement of Chinese values	22
214608307	Secular	Chinese views were highly ___	23
214608308	False	Confucius advocated a political system that based rank simply on birth, so that only member of the upper class could acquire the education necessary to become bureaucrats.	24
214608309	Daoism	Does not stress the importance or political activity or learning in order to live a good life	25
214608310	True	Classical Chinese architecture produced few monumental buildings with the exception of the Great Wall.	26
214608311	True	Classical Chinese mathematics and science, and especially astronomy, focused on important practical work, such as creating an accurate calendar, rather than imaginative theorizing.	27
214608312	China: Greece	Practice: Theory as ____	28
214608313	False	In Classical China the status of merchants was very high because of their great wealth.	29
214608314	True	Classical China reached far higher levels of technical expertise than Europe or Western Asia in the same period.	30
214608315	Primogeniture	Chinese rules of inheritance, from the humblest peasant to the emperor himself, followed strict ___	31
214608316	True	Although Classical China stressed wives' obedience to their husbands, the courts sometimes executed disobedient children from being severely punished by their parents.	32
214608317	False	During the classical period, a missionary spirit characterized Chinese culture and politics.	33
214608318	False	The Chinese were the first to distinguish clearly between private and public sectors of activity.	34
214608319	Silk Road	Trade in silk and other luxury Chinese products generated a network of roads through central Asia known as the ___	35
216030853	False	Throughout the classical period, the main civilizations shared direct borders, which made syncretism the most common feature of the classical period.	36
216030854	Syncretism	The merging of cultures	37
216030855	False	Beginning with the introduction of iron, the classical period is characterized by sweeping technological developments.	38
216030856	True	In most of the classical civilizations, the elderly were valued more highly than the youth.	39
216030857	False	Above all else, Confucius' teachings focused on the duties that men owe to the gods.	40
216030858	True	The influence of Confucianism extended outside of the borders of China.	41
216030859	False	Shi Huangdi was the most powerful ruler during the Han dynasty.	42
216030860	True	Shi Huangdi was the most powerful ruler during the Qin dynasty.	43
216030861	Wu Ti	The most famous Han ruler, ___, enforced a peace throughout much of the continent of Asia that included even more territory and a far larger population than the Roman Empire	44
216030862	Zhou, Qin, Han	Chronological order of the three main dynasties in China	45
216030863	Infant	According to the Dao Dejing, he who has in himself abundantly the attributes of the Dao is like an ____	46
216030864	Legalism	In conforming to the principles of ___, the Qin regime was ruthless and brutal in its drive for complete centralization of authority	47
216030865	Daoism	Purports to teach the Way of truth but simultaneously claims that the True Way transcends human understanding	48
216030866	Legalism	Establsihed five degrees of penal servitude and punishment, including amputation of parts of the body	49
216030867	Filial piety, li, ren	Chief among the virtues emphasized by Confucious were ___, ___, and ___	50
216030868	Analects	The fundamental principles of Confucianism are set forth in the ___	51
216030869	Li	Is best understood as both "proper behavior" and "performance of the rituals."	52
216030870	Daoism	___ emphasized harmony with nature	53
216030871	Confucianism	___ emphasized the harmony of human relationships	54
216030872	Legalism	___ emphasized the harmony of a well-regulated state	55
216030873	Legalism	"To warn the officials and overawe the people, to rebuke obscenity and danger, and to forbid falsehood and deceit, nothing can match penalty"- reflects what "religion"?	56
217087187	True	In classical India, a brahman who killed a servant for misbehavior faced a penalty no more sever than if he had killed an animal.	57
217087188	True	Among Hindu thinkers, there was no consensus as to whether a woman could advance spiritually without first being reincarnated as a man.	58
217087189	Economic	The purpose of arranged marriages was to promote a family's ___ well-being	59
217087190	False	Indian artisans learned from the Chinese how to manufacture cotton cloth, calico, and cashmere.	60
217087191	True	Indian emphasis on trade and merchant activity was greater than in China and the Mediterranean world.	61
217087192	True	Chinese art and poetry were more restrained than the dynamic sensual styles of India.	62
217087193	Merchant activity	India's expanding cultural influence was due to ___ above alll else, whereas Chinese expansion involved government initiatives in gaining new territory	63
217087194	Buddhism	India's greatest cultural expansion	64
217087195	True	Hindu peasants placed less emphasis on personal emotional restraint and detailed etiquette than their Chinese counterparts.	65
217087196	False	The impact of Indian civilizations was more significant for the Mediterranean world than it was for mainland and island southeast Asia.	66