AP World: Chapter 30 Flashcards

146941031	Adolf Hitler	Nazi leader of fascist Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading many on aggressive foreign policy leading to World War II; responsible for attempted genocide of European Jews	0
146941032	Anschluss	Hitler's union of Germany with the German-speaking population of Austria; took place in 1938, despite complaints of other European nations	1
146941033	appeasement	Policy of Neville Chamberlain, British prime minister who hoped to preserve peace in the face of German aggression; particularly applied to Munich Conference agreements; failed when Hitler invaded Poland	2
146941034	collectivization	Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants, though often lowered food production; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other communist regimes	3
146941035	fascism	Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy, corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction	4
146941036	five-year plans	Stalin's plans to hasten industrialization of USSR; constructed massive factories in metallurgy, mining, and electric power; led to massive state-planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products	5
146941037	Franklin Roosevelt	32nd President of the United States, President of the US during Great Depression and World War II	6
146941038	Gestapo	Secret police in Nazi Germany, known for brutal tactics	7
146941039	Great Depression	International economic crisis following the First World War; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in houses in the United States and western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optimistic assumptions of 19th century	8
146941040	Great Purge	Widespread arrests and executions of over a million people by Josef Stalin; 1936-1938; attempt to eliminate all opposition to Stalin's rule of the Soviet Union	9
146941041	Juan Peron	Military leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after military coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became president in 1946; forced into exile in 1955; returned and won presidency in 1973	10
146941042	kulaks	Agricultural entrepreneurs who utilized the Stolypin and later NEP reforms to increase agricultural production and buy additional land	11
146941043	Manchuria	Province in northeast China invaded by Japan in September 1931	12
146941044	Munich Conference	Conference in 1938, European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over the Sudetenland to him in exchange for promise that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further.	13
146941045	Mussolini, Benito	Italian fascist leader after World War I; created first fascist government based on aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories	14
146941046	nationalization	Taking over of property or resources by the government	15
146941047	Neville Chamberlain	British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)	16
146941048	New Deal	President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in the United States social and economic life	17
146941049	protectionism	the policy of imposing tariffs on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition	18
146941050	socialism in one country	Joseph Stalin's concept of Russian communism based solely on the Soviet Union rather than the Leninist concept of international revolution; by cutting off the Soviet Union from other economies, the USSR avoided worst consequences of the Great Depression	19
146941051	socialist realism	Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism	20
146941052	Tojo Hideki	Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II	21
146941053	totalitarian state	A new kind of government in the 20th century that exercised massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union	22