AP World History Midterm Flashcards

146209298	James Watt	Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)	0
146209299	Factory System	a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building	1
146209300	Napoleon Bonaparte	Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.	2
146209301	Reform Bill of 1832	Legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain.	3
146209303	Socialism	a political theory advocating state ownership of industry	4
146209305	Liberalism	a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.	5
146209307	Radicals	political viewpoint with origins in Western Europe during the 19th century; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of the lower classes	6
146209309	Nationalism	the doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other	7
146209311	Triple Entente	An alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI.	8
146209313	Otto von Bismarck	Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714)	9
146209314	Benjamin Disraeli	leading conservative political figure in Britain in the second half of the 19th century; took initiative of granting vote to working-class males in 1867; typical of conservative politician making use of popular politics.	10
146209316	Chartist Movement	In 19th century Britain where members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all MEN.	11
146209318	Triple Alliance	Alliance between Germany, Italy, Austria Hungry	12
146209319	Louis XVI	king of France from 1774 to 1792	13
146209320	Jose de San Martin	Leader of independence movement in Rio de la Plata; led to independence of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata by 1816; later led independence movement in Chile and Peru as well.	14
146209321	Augustin de Iturbide	Conservative Creole officer in Mexican army who signed agreement with insurgent forces of independence; combined forces entered Mexico City in 1821; later proclaimed emperor of Mexico until its collapse in 1824.	15
146209323	Gran Colombia	Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolívar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations.	16
146209324	La Reforma	a liberal reform movement in 19th-century Mexico, led by Benito Juarez	17
146209325	Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo	agreement that ended the Mexican-American war; provided for loss of Texas and CA to the US; left legacy of distrust of the US in Latin America	18
146209326	Simon Bolivar	The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. (p. 623)	19
146209328	Miguel de Hidalgo	Mexican priest who established an independence movement among Indians and mestizos in 1810; after early victories he was captured and executed.	20