AP World: Chapter 29 Flashcards
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| 146219562 | Alexander Kerensky | Liberal revolutionary leader during the early stages of the Russian Revolution of 1917; sought development of parliamentary rule, religious freedom | 0 | |
| 146219563 | Alvaro Obregon | Emerged as leader of the Mexican government in 1915; elected president in 1920 | 1 | |
| 146219564 | Benito Mussolini | Italian fascist leader after World War I; created first fascist government based on aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories | 2 | |
| 146219565 | Chiang Kai-shek | A military officer who succeeded Sun Yat-sen as leader of the Guomindang or Nationalist party in China in the mid-1920; became the most powerful leader in China in the early 1930s, but his Nationalist forces were defeated and driven from China by the Communists after World War II | 3 | |
| 146219566 | collectivization | Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings; allowed more efficient control over peasants, though often lowered food production; part of Stalin's economic and political planning; often adopted in other communist regimes | 4 | |
| 146219568 | Cubist movement | 20th-century art style (movement); best represented by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso; rendered familiar objects as geometrical shapes | 5 | |
| 146219569 | Diego Rivera | Mexican artist of the period after the Mexican Revolution; famous for murals painted on walls of public buildings; mixed romantic images of the India past with Christian symbols and Marxist ideology | 6 | |
| 146219570 | Emiliano Zapata | Mexican revolutionary and military commander of peasant guerrilla movement after 1910 centered in Morelos; succeeded along with Pancho Villa in removing Diaz from power; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta; demanded sweeping land reform | 7 | |
| 146219571 | Fascism | Political philosophy that became predominant in Italy and then Germany during the 1920s and 1930s; attacked weakness of democracy; corruption of capitalism; promised vigorous foreign and military programs; undertook state control of economy to reduce social friction | 8 | |
| 146219572 | Francisco Madero | Moderate democratic reformer in Mexico; proposed moderate reforms in 1910; arrested by Porfirio Diaz; initiated revolutions against Diaz when released from prison; temporarily gained power, but removed and assassinated in 1913 | 9 | |
| 146219573 | Guomindang | Chinese Nationalist party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919; drew support from local warlords and Chinese criminal underworld; initially forged alliance with Communists in 1924; dominated by Chiang Kai-Shek after 1925 | 10 | |
| 146219574 | Jose Clemente Orozco | Mexican muralist of the period after the Mexican revolution; like Rivera's, his work featured romantic images of the Indian past with Christian symbols and Marxist ideology | 11 | |
| 146219575 | Kellog-Briand Pact | A treaty coauthored by American and French leaders in 1928; in principle outlawed war forever; ratified subsequently by other nations | 12 | |
| 146219576 | Li Dazhao | Chinese intelectual who gave serious attention to Marxist philosophy; headed study circle at the University of Beijing; saw peasants as vanguard of revolutionary communism in China | 13 | |
| 146219577 | Long March | Communist escape from Hunan province during civil war with Guomindang in 1934; center of Communist power moved to Shaanxi province; firmly established Mao Zedong as head of the Communist party in China | 14 | |
| 146219578 | Mao Zedong | Communist leader in revolutionary China; advocated rural reform and role of peasantry in Nationalist revolution; influenced by Li Dazhao; led Communist reaction against Guomindang purges in 1920s, culminating in Long March of 1934; seized control of all of mainland China by 1949; initiated Great Leap forward in 1958 | 15 | |
| 146219579 | May Fourth Movement | Resistance to Japanese encroachments in China began on this date in 1919; spawned movement of intellectuals aimed at transforming China into a liberal democracy; rejected Confucianism | 16 | |
| 146219580 | Mexican Constitution of 1917 | Promised land reform, limited foreign ownership of key resources, guaranteed the rights of workers, and placed restrictions on clerical education; marked formal end of Mexican Revolution | 17 | |
| 146219581 | Mexican Revolution | Fought over a period of almost ten years from 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata | 18 | |
| 146219582 | New Economic Policy | Initiated by Lenin in 1921; estate continued to set basic economic policies, but efforts were now combined with individual initiative; policy allowed food production to recover | 19 | |
| 146219583 | Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary and military commander in northern Mexico during the Mexican Revolution; succeeded along with Emiliano Zapata in removing Diaz from power; also participated in campaigns that removed Madero and Huerta | 20 | |
| 146219584 | Porfirio Diaz | One of Juarez's generals; elected president of Mexico in 1876; dominated Mexican politics for 35 years; imposed strong central government | 21 | |
| 146219585 | Party of the Institutionalized Revolution | PRI; dominant political party in Mexico; developed during the 1920s and 1930s; incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors; controlled other political organizations in Mexico | 22 | |
| 146219586 | Red Army | Military organization constructed under leadership of Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik follower of Lenin; made use of people of humble background | 23 | |
| 146219587 | Sun Yat-sen | Head of Revolutionary Alliance, organization that led 1911 revolt against Qing dynasty in China; briefly elected president in 1911, but yielded in favor of Yuan Shikai in 1912; created Nationalist party of China (Guomindang) in 1919; died in 1925 | 24 | |
| 146219588 | Supreme Soviet | Parliament of Union of Socialist Republics; elected by universal suffrage; actually controlled by Communist Party; served to ratify party decisions | 25 | |
| 146219589 | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | Federal system of socialist republics established in 1923 in various ethnic regions of Russia; firmly controlled by Communist party; diminished nationalities protest under Bolsheviks; dissolved 1991 | 26 | |
| 146219590 | Victoriano Huerta | Attempted to re-establish centralized dictatorship in Mexico following the removal of Madero in 1913; forced from power in 1914 by Villa and Zapata | 27 | |
| 146219591 | Vladimir Lenin | Also known as Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; most active Russian Marxist leader; insisted on importance of disciplined revolutionary cells; leader of Bolshevik revolution of 1917 | 28 | |
| 146219592 | Whampoa Military Academy | Founded in 1924; military wing of the Guomindang; first head of the academy was Chiang Kai-shek | 29 | |
| 146219593 | Yuan Shikai | Warlord in northern China after fall of Qing dynasty; hoped to seize imperial throne; president of China after 1912; resigned in the face of Japanese invasion in 1916 | 30 | |
| 146219594 | zaibatsu | Huge industrial combines created in Japan in the 1890s as part of the process of industrialization | 31 |