AP World Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards

261356928	Shamans	religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers, communicated with the gods and nature spirits, invoked divine aid on behalf of their communities, and informed their companions of their gods' will	0
261356929	Khubilai Khan	Last of the Mongol Great Khans (r. 1260-1294) and founder of the Yuan Empire. (p. 351)	1
261356930	Khan	a title given to rulers or other important people in Asian countries	2
261356931	Ghenghis (Chinggis) Khan	Started Mongol dynasty	3
261356932	Marco Polo	Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)	4
261356933	Saljuks	A rising power of mulim turks who gained contol of Palistine	5
261356934	Sultan	the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)	6
261356935	Emissaries	a representative sent on a mission or errand	7
261356936	Yuan Dynasty	the imperial dynasty of China from 1279 to 1368	8
261356937	Pax Mongolica	peaceful period from mid 1200s to mid 1300s in Asia	9
261356938	Khubilai Khan	Last of the Mongol Great Khans (r. 1260-1294) and founder of the Yuan Empire. (p. 351)	10
261373253	Kamikaze	a pilot trained and willing to cause a suicidal crash	11
261373254	Mongol Empires	an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe.	12
261373255	Bubonic Plague	Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people	13
261373256	Tamelane the Conqueror	Conqueror named Tamelane	14
261373257	Ottoman Empire	a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe	15
261373258	Osma	Turkish leader. 1300s- founded the Ottoman Empire in Asia Minor.	16
261373259	Sultan Mehmed II	Conquest of Russia, 1237-1241; Established tributary relationship to 15th century; Rule over Crimea to late 18th century; raids into Poland, Hungary, and Germany	17
261373260	Istanbul	the largest city and former capital of Turkey	18
261373261	Sahel	a strip of land that divides the desert from wetter areas	19
261373262	Timbuktu	a city in central Mali near the Niger river	20
261373263	Mansa Musa	emperor of the Malian Empire	21
261373264	Ibn Battuta	Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.	22
261373265	Bantu Migrations	migrated between about 1000 B.C. and A.D. 1000 (West African farmers and herders), languages spoken in central, east-central, and southern Africa	23
261373266	Kin	group of people related by blood or marriage	24
261373267	Kingdom of Ghana	by the 700s, this was a kingdom and its rulers were growing rich by taxing the goods that traders carried through their territory.	25
261373268	Swahili	the most widely spoken Bantu languages	26
261373269	Diviners	ritual practitioners who specialize in the art of divination	27
275544892	Chivalry	the medieval principles of knighthood	28
275544893	Crusades	1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade	29
275544894	Eucharist	a Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine	30
275544895	Excommunicate	exclude from a church or a religious community	31
275544896	Frederick Barbarossa	Holy Roman Emperor from 1152 to 1190	32
275544897	Guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	33
275544898	Hanseatic League	a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas	34
275544899	Heresy	a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion	35
275544900	High Middle Ages	the period from 1000 to 1300 in which the church had a key role shaping the new world	36
275544901	Holy Roman Empire	the lands ruled by Charlemagne	37
275544902	Iberian Peninsula	the southwest tip of Europe where the modern nations of Spain and Portugsl are located	38
275544903	Investiture Contest	A struggle between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope over who nominates clergymen. The Pope eventually won this struggle.	39
275544904	Leif Erickson	Believed to have "discovered" America in 1000 AD.	40
275544905	Manors	large farm estates of the Middle Ages that were owned by nobles who ruled over the peasants living in the land	41
275544906	Normans	a member of a Viking people who raided and then settled in the French province later known as Normandy, and who invaded England in 1066	42
275544907	Paganism	any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism	43
275544908	Reconquista	The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.	44
275544909	Relics	Valued holy objects from the past	45
275544910	Saints	followers of christ who lived lives of holiness on earth and now share in eternal life with God in heaven	46
275544911	St. Thomas Aquinas	well-known mendicant saints in the Middle Ages. was brilliant and was taught by St. Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus). his most famous work is the Summa Thologiae. mystic and scholar	47
275544912	Serfs	men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection	48
275544913	Troubadours	wandering poets; their love songs focused on cherishing and protecting women	49
275544914	Urbanization	the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban	50
275544915	Vassals	lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity	51
275544916	Virgin Mary	the mother of Jesus	52
275564454	William the Conqueror	duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England	53
275564455	Zealots	Jews that rose up in armed rebellion against Rome in 66ce; unsuccessful, and Jewish Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed	54
275564456	Aboriginal People	People who migrated to Australia from Asia at least 40,000 years ago; the original settlers of the land.	55
275564457	Chinampas	Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. (p. 301)	56
275564458	Inca	a member of the small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s	57
275564459	Mesoamerica	Mexico and Central America	58
275564460	Mexica	The name given to themselves by the Aztec people	59
275564461	Quipu	calculator consisting of a cord with attached cords	60
275564462	Subjugation	the act of conquering	61
275564463	Toltecs	Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. (p. 305)	62
275564466	Little Ice Age 1300 CE	Small ice age that occured in 1300 CE	63
275564468	Bubonic Plague	the most common form of the plague	64
275564470	Mandarins	members of the elite class of civil servents in Chinese government	65
275564472	Renaissance	the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world	66
275564474	Humanists	People who specialize in studying the grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric. Taught life should be meaningful. Displayed a critical approach to learning.	67