Mr. Chapman East Freshman - French Revolution

228931127	Bourgeoisie	the middle class
228931128	Deficit Spending	government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes
228931130	Émigré	nobles and others who left France during peasant uprisings and who hoped to come back to the old system
228931131	Republic	a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them
228931132	Suffrage	the right to vote
228931133	Nationalism	a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
228931134	Secular	Concerned with worldly rather than religious matters
228931135	Plebiscite	a direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
228931136	Annex	to add a territory onto an existing state or country
228931137	Blockade	the shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out
228931138	Guerrilla Warfare	a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes
228931139	Abdicate	to give up power
228931140	Legitimacy	Principle by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored
228931141	Cahiers	list of grievances drawn up by delegates going to the meeting of the estates general
228931142	Tennis Court Oath	vow by members of the 3rd estate not to disband until a constitution was written
228931143	National Assembly	a French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people
228931144	Bastille	The political prison and armory stormed on July 14, 1789, by Partisian city workers alarmed by the king's concentration of troops at Versailles
228931145	Declaration of Plinitz	king of Prussia and emperor of Austria issue declaration threatening to intervene to protect french monarchy.
228931146	Great Fear	The panic and insecurity that struck French peasants in the summer of 1789 and led to their widespread destruction of manor houses and feudal documents.
228931147	Tri color	red, white, and blue badge worn by members of the National Guard that was eventually adopted as the national flag of France
228931148	Jacobins	Very radical political club that wanted a republic for France Also responsible for the execution of the king
228931149	Committee of Public Safety	Created by the National Convention, 12 people, had almost absolute power, battled to protect the revolution, and prepared France for war by ordering all citizens to join the war-effort, responsible for executing up to 40,000 French deemed as traitors to the revolution
228931150	Directory	Phase 3 - A group of 5 men who were given executive control of France following the Reign of Terror
228931151	Consulate	Phase 4 - government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory in 1799, with Napoleon as first consul in control of the entire government
228931152	Concordat of 1801	Napoleon's agreement with Catholic Church, Church under state control but recognized religious freedom
228931153	Napoleonic Code	a comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon. Preserved many of the rights of the people gained by the revolution.
228931154	Battle of Trafalgar	an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson. Ended Napoleon's plans to invade Britain.
228931155	Waterloo	The site of Napoleon's defeat by British and Prussian armies in 1815, which ended his last bid for power
228931156	Quadruple Alliance	Alliance between Prussia, Austria, Russia, and Great Britian. Pledged to act together to maintain balance of power and surpress revolutionary uprisings following the French Revolution.
228931157	Louis XVI	King of France (1774-1792). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, due to the French financial crisis. His failure to enact reform would led to the French Revolution. Louis and his wife, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
228931158	Necker	financial expert of Louis XVI, he advised Louis to reduce court spending, tax the first and second estates, abolish tarriffs on internal trade in order to avoid bankruptcy
228931159	Lafayette	French soldier who fought alongside the Americans in the Revolutionary War and then commanded the French National Guard during the French Revolution
228931160	Marie Antoinette	queen of France (wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular. Known as "madame deficit" due to her lavish spending.
228931161	Robespierre	A French political leader of the 18th century. A Jacobin, a radical leader of the French Revolution. Headed the Committee of Public Safety, responsible for the Reign of Terror, was later executed.
228931162	Dr. Guillotin	introduced the Guillotin as a more humane way of beheading, Equality of Punishment
228931163	Napoleon	Emperor of France; he seized power in a coup d'état in 1799; he led French armies in conquering much of Europe, placing his relatives in positions of power. Defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, he was exiled on the island of Elba
228931164	Metternich	the most influential figure at the Congress of Vienna; wanted to restore the status quo of 1792
228931165	Castlereagh	British prime minister who was the representative at the Congress of Vienna who sought a European balance of power, in which no single state or combination of states would dominate Europe.
228931166	Talleyrand	French diplomat who attended the Congress of Vienna on behalf of King Louis XVIII; He tried to get France the best deal possible
228931167	First Estate	They consisted of the Roman Catholic Clergy; they received special privileges and paid no direct taxes. Made up less than 1% of the French population.
228931168	Second Estate	The estate that consisted of the noblility, and high-positioned government officials. They made up less than 2% of the French population.
228931169	Third Estate	Largest of the Three Estates, made up of Bourgeoisie, Peasants, and Urban Workers. Had the least money and power but paid the virtually all of the taxes.
228931170	National Assembly Phase	First phase of the French Revolution 1789-1791. Moderate Phase that attempted to reform French government and society.
228931171	Moderate Phase	First Phase of French Revolution. 1789-1791. Key points: Tennis Court Oath, Storming the Bastille, the Declaration of the Rights of Man, Civil Constitution of the Clergy, Constitution of 1791
228931172	Radical Phase	Second phase of the French Revolution 1792-1794, Radicals gain control of National Assembly becoming the National Convention. The Monarchy is abolished, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed, Committee of Public Safety created, Reign of Terror
228931173	The Directory	Third Phase of the French Revolution 1795-1799, Constitution of 1795 written, Five Man Directory established Overthrown by Napoleon.
228931174	Age of Napoleon	Fourth phase of the Revolution 1799-1815. Napoleon overthrows the Directory, establishes the Consulate, names himself 1st consul then "consul for life", eventually becomes "Emperor of the French"
229974419	Nepotism	favoritism shown to relatives or close friends by those in power (as by giving them jobs)
229974420	Congress of Vienna	a series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the European leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace, restore balance of power, protect the system of monarchy
229974421	Continental System	Napoleon's efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding Importation of British goods Into Europe.