AP World History: Chapter 18- The Rise of Russia Flashcards

vocabulary

261821550	Ivan III	also known as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols (a.k.a. Tatars) after 1462; took title of tsar (czar), or Caesar- equivalent of emperor	0
261821551	third Rome	Russian claim to be successor state to Roman and Byzantine empires; based in part on continuitiy of Orthodox church in Russia following fall of Constantinople in 1453	1
261821552	Ivan IV	also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with western Europe commerce and trade	2
261821553	boyars	Russian aristocrats; possessed less political power than did their counterparts in western Europe	3
261821554	cossacks	peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquest; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements	4
261821555	Time of Troubles	followed death of Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) without heir early in 17th century; lasted from 1604-1613, when a new tsar was finally selected; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar (czar) in 1613, which was the start of the Romanov dynasty, that would rule Russia until the great revolution of 1917	5
261821556	Romanov dynasty	dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles; ruled Russia until 1917	6
261821557	Alexis Romanov	second Romanov tsar; (Michael Romanov was the first Romanov tsar) son of Michael Romanov; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over Russian Orthodox church	7
261821558	Old Believers	Russians who refused to accept ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov (17th century); many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia, where they became part of Russian colonization	8
261821559	Peter I	also known as Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; 6 foot 8 inches tall; ruled from 1689 to his death in 1725; continued growth of absolution and conquest; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and culture through initiation of western European models	9
261821560	St. Petersburg	the tsar Peter I (Peter the Great) moved the capital from Moscow to this Baltic city, St. Petersburg; Peter I "commemorated Russia's shift of interests westward by moving his capital from Moscow to a new Baltic city that he named St. Petersburg"	10
261821561	Catherine the Great	also known as Catherine II; German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry	11
261821562	Pugachev rebellion	during 1770s in reign of Catherine the Great; led by cossack Emelian Pugachev, who claimed to be legitimate tsar; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter	12
261821563	Radishev	a noble; one of first Western inspired radicals; sought abolition of serfdom and more liberal political rule; vigorously harassed by Catherine the Great's police; his writings were banned	13
261821564	partition of Poland	division of Poland among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe; significant because before this, Poland was one of the largest nation-states in eastern Europe apart from Russia	14