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DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation

Honors Biology DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation Test- Ch. 12-1,2,3,4

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"unzips" (splits) the two strands of DNA-protein synthesis
each strand serves as a ______for a new strand
adds one nucleotide at a time on the template-protein synthesis
DNA polymerase adds one _____ at a time on the template
the new strand created is ______to the backbone/template
Watson and Crick called protein synthesis the ________
DNA transfers to RNA in this process
RNA transfers to protein in this process
transcription takes place in the _______
the goal of transcription is to create _____
unzips the DNA strands-transcription
adds one RNA nucleotide at a time- transcription
RNA polymerase adds one ____ at a time-transcription
RNA does not have _____-transcription
Adenine (A) is complementary to _____-transcription
RNA has ______ (U)-transcription
RNA is a _____ strand-transcription
the RNA strand is called_____-transcription
the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus through the ________-transcription
DNA's full name
RNA's full name
most enzymes end with this ending
translation takes place in the ______
translation's goal is to make ______
ribosome (rRNA) attaches to the ____ strand-translation
____ base pairs fit into ribosome at a time-translation
____ is "read" 3 base pairs at a time-translation
mRNA is "read ____ base pairs at a time-translation
a group of 3 base pairs is known as a ______-translation
____ molecules, 1 side=anticodon (compliment of the codon) 1 side= amino acid-translation
tRNA molecules: 1 side= ___ (compliment of the codon) 1 side=___
when the codon and anticodon match up, the amino acid is released to form a _________
when the ______ and ______ match up, the amino acid is released to form a polypeptide chain
a polypeptide chain is also _____
these are the building blocks of protein
studied bacteria-2 different types (smooth and rough), smooth colony killed mouse, rough colony didn't, exposed smooth to heat and mouse lived, smooth and rough together made the mouse die, transforming factor: transformed harmless to harmful
confirmed the transforming factor
found out that DNA=transforming factor, worked with viruses-mutation of cells in DNA, found viruses change the look of bacteria
found Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine=what transforming factor (DNA) is made of, found there are base pairs- Guanine + Cytosine=pair, Adenine + Thymine=pair, developed base pairing rules
used x-rays to get pictures of DNA for studies
found structure of DNA-double-helix, used Franklin's x-ray work, won the Noble Prize
a twisted ladder is a representation of a ________
3 parts of a ______ - sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, base (nucleic acids)
A&T pair, G&C pair are examples of ___________
A&G are _____, have two rings
T&C are _____, have only one ring
missense, nonsense, silent, frameshift, deletion, insertion mutations are all _____ ______
changes 1 nucleotide (might or might not cause an amino acid difference) ex. sickle cell anemia
changes a codon sequence to a stop (shortens the protein) ex. thalassenia
base (nucleotide) changes but amino acid is still the same
framshift mutations are also ____ ______
1 nucleotide is removed, causes all nucleotides to be "read" in a different 3 base (codon) pattern
1 nucleotide is added, causes nucleotides to be "read" in a different 3 base (codon) pattern
Mutations are ______ in transcription
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