DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation
Honors Biology DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation Test- Ch. 12-1,2,3,4
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| "unzips" (splits) the two strands of DNA-protein synthesis | ||
| each strand serves as a ______for a new strand | ||
| adds one nucleotide at a time on the template-protein synthesis | ||
| DNA polymerase adds one _____ at a time on the template | ||
| the new strand created is ______to the backbone/template | ||
| Watson and Crick called protein synthesis the ________ | ||
| DNA transfers to RNA in this process | ||
| RNA transfers to protein in this process | ||
| transcription takes place in the _______ | ||
| the goal of transcription is to create _____ | ||
| unzips the DNA strands-transcription | ||
| adds one RNA nucleotide at a time- transcription | ||
| RNA polymerase adds one ____ at a time-transcription | ||
| RNA does not have _____-transcription | ||
| Adenine (A) is complementary to _____-transcription | ||
| RNA has ______ (U)-transcription | ||
| RNA is a _____ strand-transcription | ||
| the RNA strand is called_____-transcription | ||
| the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus through the ________-transcription | ||
| DNA's full name | ||
| RNA's full name | ||
| most enzymes end with this ending | ||
| translation takes place in the ______ | ||
| translation's goal is to make ______ | ||
| ribosome (rRNA) attaches to the ____ strand-translation | ||
| ____ base pairs fit into ribosome at a time-translation | ||
| ____ is "read" 3 base pairs at a time-translation | ||
| mRNA is "read ____ base pairs at a time-translation | ||
| a group of 3 base pairs is known as a ______-translation | ||
| ____ molecules, 1 side=anticodon (compliment of the codon) 1 side= amino acid-translation | ||
| tRNA molecules: 1 side= ___ (compliment of the codon) 1 side=___ | ||
| when the codon and anticodon match up, the amino acid is released to form a _________ | ||
| when the ______ and ______ match up, the amino acid is released to form a polypeptide chain | ||
| a polypeptide chain is also _____ | ||
| these are the building blocks of protein | ||
| studied bacteria-2 different types (smooth and rough), smooth colony killed mouse, rough colony didn't, exposed smooth to heat and mouse lived, smooth and rough together made the mouse die, transforming factor: transformed harmless to harmful | ||
| confirmed the transforming factor | ||
| found out that DNA=transforming factor, worked with viruses-mutation of cells in DNA, found viruses change the look of bacteria | ||
| found Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine=what transforming factor (DNA) is made of, found there are base pairs- Guanine + Cytosine=pair, Adenine + Thymine=pair, developed base pairing rules | ||
| used x-rays to get pictures of DNA for studies | ||
| found structure of DNA-double-helix, used Franklin's x-ray work, won the Noble Prize | ||
| a twisted ladder is a representation of a ________ | ||
| 3 parts of a ______ - sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, base (nucleic acids) | ||
| A&T pair, G&C pair are examples of ___________ | ||
| A&G are _____, have two rings | ||
| T&C are _____, have only one ring | ||
| missense, nonsense, silent, frameshift, deletion, insertion mutations are all _____ ______ | ||
| changes 1 nucleotide (might or might not cause an amino acid difference) ex. sickle cell anemia | ||
| changes a codon sequence to a stop (shortens the protein) ex. thalassenia | ||
| base (nucleotide) changes but amino acid is still the same | ||
| framshift mutations are also ____ ______ | ||
| 1 nucleotide is removed, causes all nucleotides to be "read" in a different 3 base (codon) pattern | ||
| 1 nucleotide is added, causes nucleotides to be "read" in a different 3 base (codon) pattern | ||
| Mutations are ______ in transcription |