Pathophysiology test 3 part II

	the diagnosis that reflects the excessive anterior pituitary gland secretion of ACTH, can be caused by tumor on the adrenal or pituitary gland ( too much corisol, blood glucose rises extra glucose stored as fat in the face, abdomen, back of neck, high blood pressure)
	(hyperadrenocorticism) a collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness (moon-shaped appearance), hyperglycemia, weakness, thin, and easily bruised skin with stria (stretch marks), hypertension, and osteoporosis.
	insufficient steriod hormones involving both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Symptoms: weight loss and hypoglycemia
	includes primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison Disease) and secondary hypocortisolism
	causes adrenal atrophy and hypofunction and is an organ-specific autoimmune disease Autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex, associated with auto-immune polyendocrine system (APS), low cortisol, increased ACTH:
	Low ACTH levels
	Adrenocorticotropic hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex
	secreted by the adrenal cortex they help to regulate metabolism of sodium choride and potassium.
	These hormones affect ion transport by epithelial cells. Increases the activity of sodium pump of the epithelial cells. Causes sodium retention and K+ and hydrogen loss.
	The most potent naturally occurring mineralcorticoid. It is regulated by the renin-angiotension system
	adrenal gland overproduces aldosterone (adenoma or hyperplasia) causes an increase in sodium and water retention & potassium excretion in the kidneys. Leads to arterial hypertension.(Conn disease)
	Overactivity of the renin-angiotension system. extra-renal cause of adrenal cortex overstimulation
	the adrenal cortex secretes these
	secretion of this hormone by the adrenal glands is minimal
	androgens are converted by peripheral tissues to stronger androgens such as this hormone
	Hypersecretion of adrenal androgens and estrogens
	the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorder of the adrenal cortex
	the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)
	make and secrete catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) in adrenal medulla
	release of catecholamines has been characterized as this type of response
	The neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system., Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response.
	catecholamines promote hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia?
	caused by tumors derived from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (pheochromocytomas- tumors of the pheochromocytes or chromaffin cells)
	adrenal medulla hyperfunction causes this which results in secretion of catecholamines on a continuous or episodic basis.