Chp 9&10 Flashcards

264015270	byzantine empire	1 of 2 major christian civilizations to develop in Europe during the 300s-1453	0
264015271	justinian	was both the best and the worst of the BYzantine emperors. (before Islam even began)	1
264015272	theodora	the wife of Justinian	2
264015273	nika revolts	almost destroys Constantinople. rioting due to high taxes (is ended by general Bellisarius)	3
264015274	bellisarius	ends the nika revolts by killing 35,000 rioters in one day	4
264015275	hagia sophia	"church of the Holy Wisdom." was originally christian but then became a mosque and is now a museum	5
264015276	ravenna	temporary capital in Italy. artistic center for Christian mosaics	6
264015277	rebuilt constantinople	positive effect of the Byzantine empire	7
264015278	bulgaria	slavic kingdom just to the nort of BYzantine empire. controlled by the byzantines via military or marriage alliances.	8
264015279	Tsar	the title of the Bulgarian king (aka Czar=caesar)	9
264015280	Emperor Basil II	bribred bulgarian nobles and generals. defeated bulgarian army in 1014 and blinded 15,000 captive soldiers	10
264015281	constantinople	center of the empire. is vital economically not just to the Byzantine but to all of Europe in general	11
264015282	preserving hellenistic past	what did byzantine cultural life center on?	12
264015283	iconoclasm	the controversey with christian icons, no Islamic icons, and idolatry	13
264015284	iconoclasts	those who believed that all of the christian icons had to go because of fear of idolatry	14
264177852	western Europe	very decentralized. dont have an emperor but their leader is the pope. was a separation between church and state	15
264177853	greek	what kind of bible did Eastern Europe follow?	16
264177854	latin	what bible did the Western Europe read?	17
264177855	1054	when did the arguement over the type of bread to use in mass (leading to the official split of the east and western churches) occur?	18
264177856	seljuks	muslim turks that seized Asian provinces and cut off Byzantine form most lucrative tac revenue as well as area that produced empire's food supply	19
264177857	serbia	independent kingdom that appeared in the Balkans	20
267186628	eastern europe	civilization of Russa significally influenced by Byzantine empire via conquest, commerce, and Christianity (Orthodox)	21
267186629	cyril and Methodius	byzantine monks who knew how to speak Slavic. created the Cyrillic alphabet	22
267186630	kiev	where trade centered. slavic city that was associated with the emergence of the Russian civilizaiton	23
267186631	Prince rurik	kievan rus. is going to create a monarchy and sort of the very beginnings of Russia	24
267186632	first russians	mix of Scandenavian and slavic	25
267186633	prince vladimir I	converted to orthodox christianity on behalf of his people. created a state controlled Russian orthodox church.	26
267186634	boyars	russian nobles who wont allow an emperor to take that kind of absolute power away from them. Russian aristocrats	27
267186635	western europe	what do the middle ages only refer to?	28
267186636	christendom	when the spread of western (non-orthodox) christianity "unifies" western europe not politically but religiously under the pope	29
267186637	when rome falls	when do all of these germanic tribes begin to settle down?	30
267186638	early middle ages	when was the time of invasion of the Vikings and Muslims?	31
267186639	pope	had the power of excommunication, inderdict, and later on, the inquisition	32
267186640	inquisition	church courts	33
267186641	local priests	owed allegiance to the pope	34
267186642	st. benedict	established the monastic rules. modeled a holy life for ordinary people	35
267186643	monasteries	for those men who wanted to devote themselves to prayer and religious discipline. promoted christian unity in Western Europe, and provided technological innovations in agriculture and promoted education and literacy	36
267186644	charlemagne	"charles the great" established a substantial empire in France and Germany by 800. crowned emperor by the pope and saw himself as the heir to the Roman Emperors	37
267186645	feudalism	political and social system of the Middle ages based on military relationships. develops to provide protection for all people--nobility and commoners alike	38
267186646	greater lords	(eventually become known as kings) controlled a lot of land and could afford hourses and weapons necessary to fight	39
267186647	lesser lords	recieved protection nd a small part of land in return for military service, some goods or payments, advice and loyalty	40
267186648	fief	small parcel of land	41
267186649	noblewomen	spiritually equal byt still part of a patriarchal structure. often used as pawns in political alliances	42
267186650	eleanor of Aquitaine	married to king of france then king of england. owned land in both countries and had power	43
267186651	manorialism	economic system of the middle ages. went hand and hand with the feudalism	44
267186652	manor	local, self-sufficient agricultural estates based on individual fiefs	45
267186653	crusades	brought western europe into contact with more advanced eastern and islamic civilizations	46
267186654	growth of monarchies	will develop out of the feudal system and will challenge the power of the church	47
267674682	france	slow growth of centralized monarchy under Capetian family. took several years to unite france under 1 monarch	48
267674683	england	centralized monarchy introduced abruptly and eventually had to be balanced against lords (nobility/aristocrats)	49
267674684	william the conqueror	invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system to England. esablished administrative system based on sheriffs and a central monarchy	50
267674685	magna carta	first attempt to limit any king's power	51
267674686	parliament	governing body of England; represents the nobility and the commoners. created by the english people	52
267674687	spain	marriage of ferdinand of aragon and isabella of castille created a unified chrristian monarchy.	53
267674688	reconquista	christians reconquering the Iberian Peninsula form the Muslims (the Moors)	54
267674689	medieval fairs	most common system of trade. centers for western exchange and some exotic products from other civilizations	55
267674690	italy	actively trading with both Western Europe and outside of it	56
267674691	hanseatic league	northern Germany and southern Scandinavia. merchants in cities organized to encourage trade	57
267674692	guilds	sworn associations of people in the same business or trade in a single city; stressed security and mutual control;	58
267674693	capitalism	to produce what you need to make profit. (isnt just about surviving anymore)	59
268308798	thomas aquinas	best example of a church clergy man that brings together church and reason (science)	60
268308799	gothic architecture	architecture using height and light to glorify God	61
274549118	roman catholic	what religion took control of the byzantine's land in eastern europe in 1461	62
274549119	tartars	the turkish word used by the Russians to describe the Mongols who invaded them	63