Chapter 14 Flashcards

269009496	Islam	the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran	0
269009497	Muslim	A follower of Islam, means "one who has submitted"	1
269009498	Hajj	the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah	2
269009499	Hijra	The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam	3
269009500	Quran	Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam.	4
269009501	Madrasas	a school or college attached to a mosque where young men study theology	5
269009502	Sufism	An Islamic mystical tradition that desired a personal union with God--divine love through intuition rather than through rational deduction and study of the shari'a. Followed an ascetic routine (denial of physical desire to gain a spiritual goal), dedicating themselves to fasting, prayer, meditation on the Qur'an, and the avoidance of sin.	6
269009503	Hadith	the literal translation means "story"; traditional teachings based on Muhammad's words and actions; these traditions are traced to eyewitness accounts	7
269009504	Caravanserais	Inns offering lodging for caravan merchants, as well as food, water, and care for their animals → created as a result of popular camel transport through dry regions	8
269009505	Sharia	body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life	9
269009506	Umma	Muslim religious community	10
269009507	Sunni	A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad	11
269009508	Shia	the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad	12
269009509	Bedouins	Nomadic herders who used camels to cross the desert; Raids for grazing land frequent warfare	13
269009510	Jizya	tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion	14
269009511	Muhammad	Founder of Islam, considered the greatest prophet in Islam	15
269009512	Abu Bakr	first caliph after death of muhammad	16
269009513	Khadija	Muhammad's wife; a wealthy widow who ran a prosperous caravan business	17
269009514	Ali	the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites	18
269009515	Ibn Rushd	Spanish-Arab philosopher; also known as Averroes; influenced by Aristotle, his best known writings explore the relationship between reason and faith	19
269009516	Al-Ghazali	islamic theologian who struggled to fuse greek and quranic traditions	20
269009517	Harun al-Rashid	Most famous of Abbasid caliphs; renowned for sumptuous and costly living; dependent on Persian advisors early in reign; death led to civil wars over succession	21
269009518	Abu al-Abbas	Rebel leader in Persia who brought the Umayyad dynasty to an end and founded the Abbasid dynasty	22
269009519	Umayyad Dynasty	Dynasty based on succession rather than election following the first period of caliphates. Continued advances in the kingdom, venturing as far as China and deep into Asia.	23
269009520	Abbasid Dynasty	Muslim dynasty after Ummayd, a dynasty that lasted about two centuries that had about 150 years of Persia conquer and was created by Mohammad's youngest uncle's sons	24
269009521	Caliph	the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth	25
269009522	Dar-al-Islam	a term used by Muslims to refer to those countries where Muslims can practice their religion freely.	26
269009523	Al-Andalus	A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established by the Berbers in the eighth century A.D.	27
269009524	Gadis	judges	28