Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards

264794651	Bedouiner	nomadic tribes originally from nothern Arabia who became important traders after the domestication of the camel during the 1st millennium B.C.E. Early converts to Islam, their values and practices deeply affected Muhammad.	0
264794652	Sheikh	originally, the ruler of a Bedouin tribe: Later, also used as a more general honorific	1
264794653	Majlis	a council of elders among the Bedouins of the Roman Era	2
264794654	Hegira	the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622, which marks the first date on the official calender of Islam.	3
264794655	Umma	the Muslim community as a whole	4
264794656	Five Pillars of Islam:	the core requirements of the faith, observation of which would lead to paradise: belief in Allah and his prophet, Muhammad; prescribed prayers; observation of Ramadan; pilgrimage to Mecca; and giving alms to the poor	5
264794657	Ramadan	the holy month of Islam, during which believers fast from dawn to sunset; because the Islamic calendar is lunar, Ramadan migrats thorugh the seasons	6
264794658	Ulama	a convocation of leading Muslim scholars, the earliest of which shortly after the death of Muhammad drew up a law code, called the Shari'a, based largely on the Qur'an and the sayings of the Prophet, to provide believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives	7
264794659	Shari'a	a law code, originlly drawn up by Muslim scholars shortly after the death of Muhammad, that provides believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives	8
264794660	Hadith	a collection of the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, used to supplement the revelations contained in the Qur'an	9
264794661	Caliph	the secular leader of the Islamic community	10
264794662	Imam	an islamic religious leader. Some traditions say there is only one per generation; others use the term more broadly	11
264794663	Sunni	the largest tradition of Islam, from hich the Shi'ites split soon after the death of Muhammad in a disagreement over his succession	12
264794664	Shi'ites	the second largest tradition of Islam, which split from the majority Sunni soon after the death of Muhammad in a disagreement over his succession; especially significant in Iran and Iraw	13
264794665	Sultan	means "holder of power"; a title commonly used by Muslim rulers in the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and elsewhere; still in use in parts of Asia, sometimes for regional authorities	14
264794666	Crusades	in the Middle Ages, a military compaign in the defense of Christendom	15