Biochemistry
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Anything that has mass and/or takes up space (volume) | ||
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions | ||
Any combination of atoms | ||
Two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio | ||
Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element | ||
Number of protons | ||
Number of protons plus neutrons | ||
1 mole of a sustance = atomic weight in grams | ||
Atom with an abnormal number of neutrons | ||
Positively charged subatomic particle | ||
Subatomic particle with no charge | ||
Negatively charged subatomic particle | ||
Outermost electrons in an atom | ||
Sharing of electrons (Two non-metals) | ||
Electrostatic attraction of positive and negative ions (Metal and Non-metal) | ||
An atom's outermost electron shell | ||
Unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in electronegativity | ||
Positively charged ion | ||
Negatively charged ion | ||
Hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atoms is attracted to another electronegative atom | ||
Starting materials in a reaction | ||
Ending materials in a reaction | ||
Two or more molecules of the same substance held together by hydrogen bonds | ||
Two or more molecules of different substances held together by hydrogen bonds | ||
Measure of how difficult it is to stretch/break the surface of a liquid | ||
Amount of heat absorbed to change the temperature by 1 degree C for 1 g of a substance | ||
Quantity of heat required to turn liquid to gas | ||
As liquid evaporates surface cools since molecules left behind have less kinetic energy | ||
The substance that dissolves | ||
The dissolving agent in a solution | ||
Water fearing (will NOT mix with water) | ||
Water fearing (mixes with water) | ||
Measure of heat energy as average kinetic energy | ||
Water is less dense as a solid, freezing creates protective barrier | ||
Substance that increases [H+] | ||
Substance that decreases [H+] | ||
Substance that minimizes changes in [H+] or [OH-] in a solution | ||
Diiference in the covalent arragnement of atoms | ||
Mirror image isomers (like your left and right hand) | ||
Building block (repeating units) | ||
Long molecule consisting of many repeating units linked by covalent bonds | ||
Monomers are joined together and a water molecule is lost | ||
Special macromolecules that speed up reactions in cells | ||
Polymers are disassembled and a water molecule is used | ||
Includes both sugars and polymers of sugars | ||
Polymers with hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides | ||
Sugar storage molecule for plants, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked) | ||
Sugar storage molecule for animals, made of glucose monomers (Alpha linked), extensively branched | ||
Major component of plant cell walls, made of glucose monomers (Beta linked), never branched | ||
Made of glycerol and fatty acids | ||
Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol | ||
No double bonds in fatty acid chain, solid at room temperature | ||
Double bonds in fatty acid chain, liquid at room temperature |