Chapter 5: Greece and Iran (1000 B.C.E. - 30 B.C.E.) Flashcards
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| 277402323 | hoplites | heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation | 0 | |
| 277402324 | Pelopponesian Wars | a conflict initiated due to hostilities between former city-state allies that resulted in the eventual defeat of Athens by Sparta and its allies | 1 | |
| 277402325 | Persepolis | statesman who dominated Athenian politics from 461 B.C.E. until his death; he led Athens to its greatest heights of success | 2 | |
| 277402326 | trireme | an Athenian war ship | 3 | |
| 277402327 | Hellenistic Age | the epoch ushered in by the conquests of Alexander; influenced Greek culture | 4 | |
| 277402328 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher brought to trial for his teachings that were believed to undermine the Athenian democracy | 5 | |
| 277402329 | Persian Wars | a conflict initiated by an uprising of the Ionian Greek colonists that lasted on and off for two centuries and was of profound importance in the eastern Mediterranean | 6 | |
| 277402330 | polis | consisted of an urban center and the rural hinterlands that it controlled; usually translated as "city-state" | 7 | |
| 277402331 | sacrifice | central ritual of the Greek religion | 8 | |
| 277402332 | tyrant | a person who seized and held power in violation of the normal political institutions and traditions of the community; most prevalent in Greek city-states during the mid-seventh and sixth-centuries B.C.E. | 9 | |
| 277402333 | Cyrus | Persian leader; united Persian tribes and overthrew the Median monarchy | 10 | |
| 277402334 | satrap | governors put in place by Darius to supervise the twenty provinces of the Persian Empire | 11 | |
| 277402335 | Darius I | Persian king who seized power following the death of Cambyses; eventually extended Persian control to the Indus River in the east, and into Europe in the west | 12 | |
| 277402336 | Persepolis | ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire | 13 | |
| 277402337 | Zoroastrianism | monotheistic religion, hymns or Gathas written in archaic Iranian dialect; practiced by Darius I and his successors | 14 | |
| 277402338 | democracy | the excersise of political power by all the free, adult males; this originated in Athens | 15 | |
| 277402339 | Alexander the Great | son of King Philip of Macedon; conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt, and the lands east as far as the Indus River | 16 | |
| 277402340 | Ptolemies | dynasty that ruled Egypt following the death of Alexander and actively encouraged Greek immigration to Egypt | 17 | |
| 277402341 | Alexandria | the greatest city of all during an age of cities; famous for its library and lighthouse | 18 | |
| 277402342 | Herodotus | chronicler of the exploits of the Greeks and other events of his time; considered the "father of history" | 19 |