Revolution Flashcards

271165600	The Spirit of the Laws	Published work of Montesquieu that argued that government should be in accordance with the people	0
271165601	Congress of Vienna	Meeting between representatives of Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia Objectives: -build a strong and stable France to help guarantee future peace Results: -French monarchy and borders reestablished -territorial gains for continental European powers	1
271165602	Revolutions of 1848	1) Members of middle class and workers united in Paris to overthrow the Regime of Louis Philippe and create the Second French Republic (France) 2) Students and workers united in Vienna tried to force political reforms similar to those in Paris (Austria) 3) Members of middle class and workers united in Berlin to compel the Prussian King to accept a liberal constitution and seek unification of the German states (Germany) All revolutions of 1848 in Paris, Vienna, Rome, and Berlin ultimately failed	2
271165603	Simon Bolivar	Revolutionary in Spanish America who is revered as "El Liberator" for his role in their liberation from Spain	3
271165604	Estates General	The French National Legislature that was called into session by King Louis XVI	4
271165605	Olympe de Gouges	-A playwright who wrote the "Declaration of the Rights of Woman" modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man -Women's rights activist that stated that men and women were equal	5
271165606	John Locke	Enlightenment political philosopher Beliefs: -governments were created to protect life, liberty and property and that people had a right to rebel when a monarch violated these natural rights -individual rights were foundation of civil government	6
271165607	Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette	King and Queen of France -Called into session the Estates General in an effort to raise taxes and avoid bankruptcy -Convicted of treason and sentenced to death by the National Convention	7
271165608	Maximilien Robespierre	Leader of "The Mountain" -Forged alliances with the Parisian working class to gain power -Created Committee of Public Safety -Tried to suppress rebellion by starting a period of repression called the Reign of Terror -Arrested and executed by the vote of the National Convention	8
271165609	Napoleon Bonaparte	French general that seized power in 1799 Declared himself Emperor of France in 1804 Invaded Portugal in 1807 and Spain in 1808 Attempted to invade Russia in 1812 but was forced to retreat Exiled to St. Helena	9
271165610	Declaration of the Rights of Man	Natural rights: liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression Guaranteed free expression of ideas, equality before the law, and representative government	10
271165611	Ancien Regime	"Europe's Old Order" Principles: Politics-powerful monarchs Intellectual and Cultural Life-religion Economics-hereditary agricultural elite	11
271165612	National Assembly	-The name the Third Estate (commoners/middle class) gave to itself when it broke away -voted to end traditional obligations and to reform tax system	12
271165613	Jacobins	Uncompromising Democrats 1) Girondists-moderate jacobins 2) The Mountain-radicals	13
271165614	Directory	The executive authority created by the new conservative constitution that proved unable to end foreign wars or to solve domestic economic problems Overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte	14
271165615	Civil Code	Napoleonic System -Civil code: denied women basic political rights -provided personal security but restricted individual rights such as freedom of speech and expression	15