Revolutions Flashcards

271389001	The Spirit of the Laws	Political theory treaty written by Montesquieu in 1748 that stresses constitutional gov't, seperation of powers and ending of slavery	0
271389002	Congress of Vienna	Ambassadors of European states (Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria were the main ones) gathered in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815 to settle issues from the Napoleonic Wars, French Revolution, and the seperation of the Holy Roman Empire. Served as a model for League of Nations and United Nations	1
271389003	Revolutions of 1848	Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed	2
271389004	Simon Bolivar	1783-1830, was one of South America's best generals, led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule	3
271389005	Estates General	a legislative assembly of the estates of France that had no true power, served as an advisory body to the king	4
271389006	Olympe de Gouges	1748-1793, she demanded the same rights for French women that French men were demanding for themselves. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality	5
271389007	John Locke	1632-1704, English philosopher who came up with the "social contract", where gov't powers are derived from the consent of the governed and the government serves the people, also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property	6
271389008	Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette	King and queen of France during the French Revolution, they were there when the "women marched on Versailles" and forced them to move to England. They tried to flee France during the revolution but they failed and were both beheaded	7
271389009	Maximilien Robespierre	1758-1794, aka "The incorruptable", led the Jacobins, he was one of the greatest leaders of the French Revolution and dominated the Committee of Public Safety and the Reign of Terror	8
271389010	Napoleon Bonaparte	1769-1821, was a French military leader during the last part of the French Revolution, became Emperor of the French from 1804-1815, best known for the Napoleonic Code and Napoleonic Wars	9
271389011	Declaration of the Rights of Man	Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.	10
271389012	Ancien Régime	The aristocratic, social, and economic patterns that existed in Europe before the French Revolution; characterized by absolute monarchies, growing bureaucracies, agriculture dominance, food shortages, slow transportation, unsophisticated financial institutions, and people who considered themselves as a part of a group, not as individuals	11
271389013	National Assembly	A French congress established by representatives of the Third Estate on June 17, 1789, to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people, passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man	12
271389014	Jacobins	Radical republicans during the French Revolution, led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794	13
271389015	Directory	1795-1799, was the second to last stage of the French Revolution where five Directors had executive power over France	14
271389016	Civil Code	French legal code by Napoleon in 1804, aka the Napoleonic Code, reaffirmed many of the social liberties that were introduced during the Revolution and reestablished a patriarchal system	15