AP World Islamic Empires Flashcards

271606052	Islam - Gnrl	Arab peninsula = desert. Bedouin nomads in clan groups Muhammad idn Abdullah born to Mecca merchant fam 595 Orphaned, ecame merchant, exposed to many faiths @ 40 = transformation. Allah is only god, would bring judgement. Info delivered by archangel Gabriel	0
271606053	Islam - Gnrl	Quran - holy book compiled of Muhammad's recitations Hadith - sayings & deeds of Muhammad Hijra - Muhammads move to Medina under persecution in 622. beginning of Muslim calendar Umma - cohesive community of Muslims in Medina	1
271606054	Islam - Gnrl	Conflicts @ Mecca bc views were offensive esp to ruling elite and wealthy merchants. Attacks on idolatry threatened black rock @ Ka'ba	2
271606055	Islam - Gnrl	Muhammad returns to Mecca & conquers 630 (did not enslave or kill survivors) Govt dedicated to Allah - destroy pagan shrine, build mosque Five Pillars taught by Muhammad Islamic law (sharia) inspired by Quran	3
271606056	Umayyad - Political	Caliph - religious and political leader Abu Bakr 1st caliph upon Muhammad death Capital in Damascus (Syria) ruled for interest of military aristocracy	4
271606057	Umayyad - Religious	Shia sect - support Ali and Muhammad des. for caliph	5
271606058	Umayyad - Social	Tolerant towards conquered people, but no power. Jizya on non-Muslims. Even non-Arab converts discriminated against	6
271606059	Abbasid - Political	Abu al-Abbas allies with Shias and non-Arab Muslims Won battle w/Umayyad in 750 No longer conquered new lands - build & strengthen like Han Wudi	7
271606060	Abbasid - Political	Persian techniques for govt - integrated Persians into society Ulama (people with religious knowledge) and qadis (judges) ruled locally instead of priests Harun al-Rashid = high point. good relations w/ Byz/Charlemagne	8
271606061	Abbasid - Decline	Harun's sons struggle for succession led to civil war governors took power peasants rebelled Persian noble takes Baghdad in 945 Saljuq Turks take over political power (leave caliph religious)	9
271606062	Abbasid - Social	No special treatment to military aristocracy	10
271606063	Islam - Intellectual	spread new foods & industrial crops like sugar, spinach, artichokes, cotton etc better ag production (crop rotation, fertilizer, irrigation) = urbanization	11
271606064	Islam - Intellectual	Paper manufacture, camel saddle, compass from China, lateen sail from India, astrolabe from Hellinistic mariners Mosques maintained schools (madrasa) Adopted Hindi numerals, algebra, and trig	12
271606065	Islam - Economy	revived silk road trade - maintained for military and admin extensive banks - sakk (letter of credit) were like bank checks Group investments for trade = less loss	13
271606066	Islam - Social	Women - Quran enhances security (no infanticide, not property, equal before Allah) male still dominant - women just more secure Veiling adopted from Mesopotamia and Persia Alms to weak and poor	14
271606067	Islam -Religious	Sufi mystics = effective missionaries encouraged devotion thru song/dance A-Ghazali = human reason too weak, less doctrine, more spiritual devotion hajj - holy pilgrimage to Mecca	15