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AP World History: First Semester Test Review Flashcards

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280385013Prehistoryperiod before invention of writing0
280385014Homo erectus"upright-walking human" ; used cleavers and hand axes and learned how to control fire1
280385015Development of Language...2
280385016Paleolithic & Neolithic EraPaleolithic - "Old Stone Age" ; a long period of human development before the devlopment of agriculture Neolithic - "New Stone Age" ; marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture3
280385017Mesopotamia"between the rivers" ; Sumer and Akkad are two of the earliest societies4
280385018Sumerearliest Mesopotamian societies5
280385019Sargon of Akkad...6
280385020Hammurabi...7
280385021Cuneiformwritten language of the Sumerians ; probably first written script in the world8
280385022Alphabet...9
280385023Menes...10
280385024Old, Middle, and New Kingdom...11
280385025Amon-ReEgyptian god ; combination of the sun god Re and the air god Amon12
280385026Akhenaten...13
280385027OsirisAncient Egyptian god the represent the forces of nature14
280385028BantuAfrican peoples that began a centuries long migration that took them to most of sub-Saharan Africa ; influential linguistically15
280385029Mohenjo-Daro...16
280385030Harappaearly brilliant Indian society centered in Harappa and Monhenjo-daro17
280385031AryanEuropean migrants who settled in India after their union with indigenous Dravidians formed the basis of Hinduism18
280385032VarnasHindu word for caste19
280385033SatiIndian practice for a widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband20
280385034SamsaraHindu term for the concept of transmigration ; the soul passing into a new incarnation21
280385035River Valley Civilizations...22
280385036Mandate of HeavenChinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population23
280385037Shang Dynasty...24
280385038Maize...25
280385039Olmec & MayaOlmec - early Mesoamerican society that later influenced later Maya Maya - central American society known for math, astronomy, and a sophisticated written language26
280385040YahwehGod of the monotheistic religion of Judaism that influenced later Christianity and Islam27
280385041Zhou DynastyChinese dynasty that was the foundation of Chinese thought formed during period of Confucianism, Daoism, and Zhou Classics28
280385042Cyrus...29
280385043Empires After Alexander...30
280385044QanatPersian underground canal31
280385045PersepolisGreek city-state32
280385046Alexander the Great...33
280385047SatrapiesPersian administrators, usually members of royal family, who governed a satrapy34
280385048Chandragupta...35
280385049Ashoka...36
280385050Mauryan & Gupta DynastyMauryan - Indian dynasty founded by Chandragupta Maurya and reaching its peak under Ashoka Gupta - Indian dynasty that briefly reunited India after the collapse of the earlier Mauryan dynasty37
280385051Laozi...38
280385052Bhagavad Gita"Song of the Lord" ; and Indian short poetic work drawn from the lengthy Mahabharata that expressed basic Hindu concepts such as karma and dharma39
280385053Siddhartha GautamaIndian kshatriya who achieved enlightenment and became known as the Buddha, the founder of Buddhism40
280385054Darius...41
280385055Persian War...42
280385056Hellenism...43
280385057Qin Shihuangdi...44
280385058Yellow Turban Uprising...45
280385059Analects...46
280385060Han Wudi...47
280385061Monsoons...48
280385062AhimsaJain term for the principal of nonviolence to other living things or their souls49
280385063Four Noble Truthsfoundation of Buddhist though: 1) life is pain 2)pain is caused by desire 3) elimintation of desire will bring an end to pain 4)living a life based on the Noble Eightfold Path will eliminate desire50
280385064PolisGreek term for city-state51
280385065Tyrant...52
280385066Delian League...53
280385067Socrates...54
280385068Plato & The Republic...55
280385069Consuls...56
280385070Julius Caesar...57
280385071Twelve Tables...58
280385072Jesus of Nazareth...59
280385073Paul of Tarsus...60
280385074Constantinople...61
280385075Byzantine Empirelong-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian62
280385076Muhammad...63
280385077Dar al-Islam"house of Islam" ; term for the Islamic world64
280385078Umayyad...65
280385079Five Pillars of Islam...66
280385080Meleka...67
280385081Junks & DhowsIndian, Persian, and Arab ships; weighed one hundred to four hundred tons that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin68
280385082Harsha...69
280385083Equal-Field SystemChinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land70
280385084Fast-Ripening System...71
280385085Gran Canal...72
280385086Tang & Song Dynasty...73
280385087ShogunJapanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor74
280385088Sunni vs. Shia...75
280385089Jizyatax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims76
280385090Madrasas...77
280385091Sui Yangdi...78
280385092Indian Emporia...79
280385093Hagia Sophiamassive Christian church constructed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian and later converted into a mosque80
280385094Justinian...81
280385095Feudalism...82
280385096Griots...83
280385097Swahili City-States...84
280385098Mali...85
280385099Zimbabwe...86
280385100Sundiata...87
280385101Mansa Musa...88
280385102Hanseatic League...89
280385103Three Esates...90
280385104Scholasticism...91
280385105Virgin Mary...92
280385106Otto I...93
280385107First Crusade...94
280385108Wiliam of Normandy...95
280385109Dominicans & Franciscans...96
280385110Aztec EmpireCentral American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Montecuzoma I97
280385111Mexica Society...98
280385112Chinampaused by Aztecs ; fertile muck from the lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots99
280385113Quipu...100
280385114Aztec Sacrifice...101
280385115Calpulli...102
280385116Mahmud...103
280385117Chinggis & Khubilai Khan...104
280385118Mongol Empires...105
280385119Tamerlane...106
280385120Osman...107
280385121Mehmed II...108
280385122St. Thomas Aquinas...109
280385123Idn Battuta...110
280385124Marco Polo...111
280385125Hongwu...112
280385126Reconquista...113
280385127Zheng He...114
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