India/China Unit Test

	India's rigid social structure was known as the
	Two major cities (civilizations) along the Indus River Valley are
	The origins of Hinduism lie in
	Basic Hindu beliefs include
	must be monitored in the present life in order to reap the rewards in the next life.
	China has many ________________ that contributed to its prominence in the world.
	China began interacting with other regions along the
	was a wealthy prince that abandoned his family (lifestyle, palace, etc.) and searched to find the "meaning of life." Gradually, a "following" (a group) identified with his beliefs; and he became a revered member in society.
	basic tenets include the following: Four Noble Truths, Five Precepts and the Eightfold Path
	was a mighty leader that had a profound "conversion" after the Battle of Kalinga. He was committed to spreading Buddhism throughout the land.
	China experienced three different schools of thought:
	a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
	chain of trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean Sea
	(Hinduism) a sacred epic Sanskrit poem of India dealing in many episodes with the struggle between two rival families
	Last 18 chapters of the Mahabharata, stressing the idea of proper conduct for one's status
	A Hindu epic written in Sanskrit that describes the adventures of the king Rama and his queen
	religious buildings that originally housed Buddha relics. These were developed into familiar Buddhist architecture
	most famous of the structures; erected alongside roads to mark sites related o events in Buddha's life
	a room or building carved out of the side of a cliff. They were used for religious ceremonies and houses to monks and wandering ascetics
	system in which poor people are legally bound to work for wealthy landowners
	a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source
	the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties
	a religious practice based on the belief that deceased family members have a continued existence, take an interest in the affairs of the world, and possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living
	The proper way Chinese kings were expected to rule under the mandate of heaven.
	Respect for parents
	The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.
	philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
	a government in which a central authority controls the running of a state.
	system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials
	(Hinduism) the name for the original social division of Vedic people into four groups (which are subdivided into thousands of jatis)
	Shi Huangdi's army that was created for his tomb.
	feminine forces within the universe were cold, dark, and passive
	masculine forces were active, hot, and light.
	Chinese leaders maintained their position and power by claiming the __________
	Name the order of the early Chinese dynasties
	China had a problem with over-population. One remedy was proposed to alleviate this dilemma
	a writing system developed by the Aryans
	India was a world of warring kingdoms ... Aryan leaders; a term for princes
	(Hinduism) a hereditary social class among Hindus
	a Chinese classic text. Its name comes from the opening words of its two sections
	Built by Shi Huangdi; a wall to defend China. Proved that China could effectively use their resources.
	1. ruler and subject; 2. father and son; 3. husband and wife; 4. older brother and younger brother; 5. friend and friend
	time period when all of the Chinese states were fighting to determine the next dynasty
	what was the gupta dynasty also known as
	the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
	Legalism was the official idealology of the Qin dynasty. To prevent criticism, Shi Huangdi and his prime minister, the Legalist philosopher Li Su, murdered hundreds of Confucian scholars and ordered the burning of "useless books"
	a group so inscribed animal bones and shells discovered in China and used originally in divination by the ancient Chinese,during the Shang dynasty
	a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual
	The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. (184)
	many wars happened and there were many rulers; the people benefitted from the trade that passed through their land, mostly from Romans and Chinese on the Silk Road
	Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism
	written by Kautilya; title is translated "The Science of Material Gain"/focused on getting and keeping power
	someone opposed to violence as a means of settling disputes
	acceptance of religious differences
	male led society and household
	the female head of a family or tribe
	most famous playwrite, written by Kalidasa, about love between a king and a forest maiden
	a mathematical achievement found under the Gupta Empire
	exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices
	hereditary; religion; military; moral
	jobs based on merit rather than birth (not sure of this)
	A test given to qualify candidates for positions in the goverment
	Paper, collar harness, 2-blade iron plow, water mills
	the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
	a general history of China covering more than 2,000 years from the Yellow Emperor to Emperor Han Wudi.
	the act of a Hindu widow willingly cremating herself on the funeral pyre of her dead husband
	descended from the pastoral people from central Asia
	may have lived in the region prior to the rise of organized societie; may have been the earliest inhabitents
	probablydescended from the Indus River culture that flourished at the dawn of Indian civilization over 4000 years ago
	one of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; the priestly class (in charge of the religious ceremonies that were so important in Indian society)
	second level of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; WARRIORS
	third level of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; identifies merchants who engaged in commerce; COMMONERS
	laborers, craftworkers and servants in the Indian caste system
	LOWEST LEVEL OF INDIAN SOCIETY; not considered a real part of the caste system; often given degrading jobs; their life was extremely difficult
	founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha
	founder of the Mauryan Empire
	grandson of Chandragupta; most honored emperor for his commitment to spreading peace and prosperity to all; was buddhist but accepted other religions; decline came after his death
	brought law and order to the gupta empire; has no relation to the earlier chandragupta maurya; government was good; "great king of kings"
	son of first Chandra Gupta became king in 335 A.D. expanded the empire with 40 years of war and conquest
	Further expanded the empire and strengthened its economy. His reign was a period of prosperity. Gupta Empire reached its height under his rule.
	Political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra; believed in scientific application of warfare.
	Mathematician known to be one of the first to use algebra and solve quadratic equations.
	chinese philosphere and teacher; his belifs,known as confusoinism greatly influenced chinese life
	Confucius's greatest disciple; he has been called the second sage; wrote Analects.
	founder of Daoism
	founder of legalism and believed that harsh punishments were the only way to control people
	another of the founders of Legalism
	helped overthrow Qin dynasty, 1st emperor of the Han dynasty, was born a peasant and worked way up to emperor
	rules in 195 BC; one of Liu Bang's concubines, she killed her son and kept the throne by naming infants as emperor when they were to young to rule (so she ruled for them); when she dies her whole family gets killed
	a Chinese emperor; after Zhang Qian came back from his expedition, Zhang suggests trade relations between China and Bactria through India, and Han thought that was a fantabulous idea; China imposed political and military control over vast territories and promoted trade
	First Emperor; only emperor of Qin Dynasty; legalist; abolished feudalism and established a bureaucracy; anti-religion; building of Great Wall and other public works
	nomads who terrorized the border and were defeated by Wudi. Lived in the steppes or grasslands north of China. Were the biggest threat to security.
	chinese scholer,astronomer,and historian; wrote the most important historyof ancient china
	one of India's greatest writers. Might have been court poet for Chandra Gupta II. Famous play - Shakuntala - girl who falls in love w/ and marries a King.
	a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme beingof many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a
	the Hindu or Buddhist doctrine that person may be reborn successively into one of five classes of living beings (god or human or animal or hungry ghost or denizen of hell) depending on the person's own actions
	the force generated by a person's actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life
	in Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste
	the Hindu cycle of death and rebirth; in Buddhism means rebirth
	the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth
	practices self denial as spiritual discipline
	any place of complete bliss and delight and peace
	Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.
	1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path
	The basic moral requirements that are binding for all Buddhists.
	in buddhism a set of guidelines on how to escape suffering; right views, right thought, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right endeavor, right awareness, and right contemplation. seen as the "midle way"
	the creator
	the preserver
	the Destroyer
	Any of a group of philosophical treatises contributing to the theology of ancient Hinduism, elaborating on the earlier Vedas.
	in Hinduism, it is seen as the liberation of the soul from the body
	education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge
	World Soul, the highest of the four varnas: the priestly or sacerdotal category
	Individual Soul, in Hindu belief, a person's essential self
	Followers of the new doctrines of Buddhism which offered salvation to all and allowed popular worship
	Followers of Buddhism stricter original teachings
	rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains
	india is a ______ of a continent, not only because it is so large but also because it is relatively isolated from the rest of asia by natural barriers
	formed when the Indian tectonic plate drifte across the Indian Ocean from Africa and collided with the southern edge of the Asian continent; walls India off from the rest of Asia
	India's holy water/ river
	backbone of the modern state of Pakistan
	A high area of land at the center of the Indian subcontinent., a high area of land at the center of the Indian subcontinent
	another name for the Indus Valley civilization that arose along the Indus River, possibly as early as 7000 b.c.; characterized by sophisticated city planning
	Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system., One of the first settlements in India
	wide rolling grassy plains that stretch from the Black Sea to northern China
	a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind
	the longest river of Asia
	stretches across China for roughly 2,900 miles also known as the Yellow River ... provides yellow silt called loess
	a desert in central Asia
	The second largest sand desert in the world.
	the ancient Chinese capital of the Shang Dynasty
	The Hitties capital.
	on Deccan Plateau; rich and fertile
	This was the earliest known dynasty. There is no written evidence of this early time period, but artifacts have been found. The people of this time were farmers and made pottery.
	Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting.
	took over the Shang dynasty. Had two periods, western Zhou, which was a peaceful period in which the Zhou made many cultural achievements. And the Eastern Zhou, when conflict arose in China. Population grew because of surplus, iron became backbone of economy, many weapons were created, roads and canals were created, along with coins and chopsticks.
	the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall
	imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy