AP BIOLOGY CHAPTER 21 (GENOMES AND THEIR EVOLUTION)
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| sequences random DNA fragments and assembles the DNA sequence using overlapping edges (uses dideoxynucleotide method) | ||
| creates centralized resources for analyzing genome sequences: data banks, software programs, websites, etc | ||
| study of proteins (how proteins interact) | ||
| btw 1 and 6 million; most over 100mb (humans have 3200 mb) | ||
| btw 1500 and 7500; from 5000 to over 40000; humans have 20488 | ||
| alterantive splicing and post translational modification | ||
| protein-coding genes or ones that transcribe tRNA or rRNA | ||
| gene-related regulatory sequences and introns | ||
| former genes that are mutated and no longer functional | ||
| 44%; can move from one location to another within DNA; transposons (move by means of DNA intermediate(cut an paste or copy and paste) or retrotransposons) | ||
| move by means of RNA intermediate; make RNA then use reverse transcriptase to make DNA which moves; codes for reverse transcriptase in its DNA (like a retrovirus, only uses copy and paste) | ||
| related to transposable elements; very short sequences about; many are transcribed into RNA ; function unknown | ||
| type of retrotransposon; about 6500 nucleotides long; may help regulate gene expression | ||
| repeats of very long segments of nucleotides (some are short); some can be used for genetic profiling; simple sequence DNA (may be involved in chromosome organization(centromeres, chromatin in interphase), telomeres consist of this) | ||
| 1/2 | ||
| 2 or more identical or nearly identical genes | ||
| slightly different genes; will change during different periods of time (hemoglobin) | ||
| duplicated; shuffled | ||
| prophase I, meiosis I; DNA replication | ||
| promote recombination by providing homologous regions for crossing over; disrupt genes or control elements if they insert themselves inside of them | ||
| 3% | ||
| transcription factors | ||
| master regulatory genes; very similar ones have been found in vertebrates and invertevrates; called Hox genes in animals; most hox genes act as transcription factors that help control development |