Hammbone's Small List Flashcards

16697876	alliteration	repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
16697877	allusion	indirect reference to another text or historic event	1
16697878	analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly disimilar things	2
16697880	anecdote	a short account of an interesting event	3
16697881	annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to a text	4
16699633	antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers	5
16699635	antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	6
16699636	aphorism	a short, astute statement of a general truth	7
16699654	connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation)	8
16699662	denotation	the literal meaning of a word; its dicitionary definition	9
16699664	diction	word choice	10
16699667	epigram	a brief witty statement	11
16700141	figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	12
16700142	figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	13
16700145	hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	14
16700150	irony	a contradition between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and results	15
16700153	metaphor	a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	16
16700154	metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	17
16700159	omniscient narrator	an all-knowing, usually third-person narrator	18
16700160	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms	19
16700162	paradox	a statement that seems contradicotry but is actually true	20
16700164	parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule	21
16700165	pathos	a Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos)	22
16700166	periodic sentence	a sentence that builds towards, and ends with the main clause	23
16700167	persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	24
16700168	personification	assigning human characteristics to inanimate objects	25
16701178	rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"	26
16701179	rhetorical mode	patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparision and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplificaiton, classifcation and division, process analysis, and argumentation	27
16701180	rhetorical question	a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer	28
16701182	satire	an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	29
16701186	simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things	30
16701191	style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of works and figures of speech	31
16701195	syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	32
16701196	syntax	sentence structure	33
16701198	thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	34
16701200	tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	35
16701202	trope	artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	36
16701203	understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	37
16707251	point of view	any of several possible vantage points; omniscient, limited to that of a single character, and limited to that of several characters	38
16707255	setting	the background to a story	39
16707294	theme	the main thought expressed by a work	40
16708520	allegory	a story in which people, things and events have another meaning	41
16708521	ambiguity	a vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations	42
16708525	digression	the use of material unrelated to the subject of a work	43
16708527	euphemism	a figure of speech using indirection to avoid offensive bluntness	44
16708534	parable	a story designed to suggest a principle, illustrate a moral, or answer a question	45
16708554	onomatopoeia	the use of words whose tone suggests their meaning	46
16708562	clause	a group of words containing a subject and its verb that may or may not be a complete sentence	47
16708563	ellipsis	the omission of a word or several words necessary for a complete construction that is still understandable	48
16708566	parallel structure	a similar grammatical structure within a sentence or within a paragraph	49
16709096	abstract	an abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research	50
16709097	ad hominem	directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellet or reason	51
16709098	adage	a saying or proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language	52
16709103	anachronism	a person, scene, event or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era	53
16709107	antagonist	a character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist, produces tension or conflict	54
16709111	Apollonian	in contrast to Dionysian, it refers to the most noble, godlike qualties of human nature and behavior	55
16709112	apostrophe	a locution that addresses a person or personified thing not present	56
16709113	arch	characterized by clever or sly humor, often saucy, playful and somewhat irreverent	57
16709114	archetype	an abstract or ideal conception of a type	58
16709115	assonance	the repetition of two or more vowel sounds in a group of words in prose or poetry	59
16709116	bard	a poet; in olden times, a performer who told heroic stories to musical accompaniment	60
16709117	bathos	insincere or overdone sentimentality	61
16709118	belle-lettres	a French term for the world of books, criticism, and literature in general	62
16709119	bibliography	a list of works cited or otherwise relevant to a particular subject	63
16709120	bombast	inflated, pretentious language	64
16709121	burlesque	a work of literature meant to ridicule a subject; a grotesque imitation	65
16709122	cacophony	grating, inharmonious sounds	66
16709123	canon	the considered most important in a national literature or period; works widely read and studied	67
16709124	caricature	a grotesque likeness of striking qualities in persons and things	68
16709125	carpe diem	literally, "seize the day"	69
16709126	circumlocution	literally, "talking around" a subject	70
16709127	classic	a highly regarded work of literature or other art form that has withstood the test of time	71
16709128	classical, classicism	deriving from the orderly qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture	72
16709336	climax	the high point, or turning point, of a story or play	73
16709337	comparision and contrast	a mode of discourse in which two or more things are compared and contrasted	74
16709338	conceit	a witty or ingenious thought	75
16709339	concrete detail	a highly specific, particular, often real, actual or tangible detail; opposite of abstract	76
16709341	consonance	the repetition of two or more consonant sounds in a group of words or a unit of speech or writing	77
16709342	critique	an analysis or assessment of a thing or situation for the purpose of determining its nature, its limitations, and its conformity to a set of standards	78
16709343	cynic	one who expects and observes nothing but the worst of human conduct	79
16709344	deductive reasoning	a method of reasoning by which specific definitions, conclusions, and theorems are drawn from general principals	80
16709346	de'nouement	the resolution that occurs at the end of a narrative or drama, real or imagined	81
16709347	descriptive detail	graphic, exact, and accurate presentation of the characteristics of a person, place or thing	82
16709348	deus ex machina	in literature, the use of an artifical device or gimmick to solve a problem	83
16709350	didactic	having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information to teach a lesson usually in a dry, pompous manner	84
16709352	Dionysian	as distinguished from Apollonian, the word refers to sensual, pleasure-seeking impulses	85
31482413	dramatic irony	a circumstance in which the audience or reader knows more about a situation than a character	86
31482414	elegy	a poem or prose selection that laments or meditates on the passing or death of someone of something of value	87
31482415	elliptical construction	a sentence containing a deliberate omission of words	88
31482416	empathy	a feeling of association or identification with an object or person	89
31482417	epic	a narrative poem that tells of the adventures and exploits of a hero	90
31482418	euphony	pleasing, harmonious sounds	91
31482419	epithet	an adjective or phrase that expresses a striking quality or a person or thing	92
31482420	eponymous	a term for the title character of a work of literature	93
31482421	exegesis	a detailed analysis or interpretation of a work of prose or poetry	94
31482422	expose	a piece of writing that reveals weaknesses, faults, frailties, or other shortcomings	95
31482423	exposition	the background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose of an essay or other work	96
31482424	explication	the interpretation or analysis of a text	97
31482425	extended metaphor	a series of comparisons between two unlike objects	98
31482426	fable	a short tale often with nonhuman chacters from which a useful lesson may be drawn	99
31482427	fallacy, fallacious reasoning	an incorrect belief or supposition based on faulty data, defective evidence, or false information	100
31482428	fantasy	a story containing unreal, imaginary features	101
31482429	farce	a comedy that contains an extravagant and nonsensical disregard of seriousness, although it may have a serious, scornful purpose	102
31482430	frame	a structure that provides a premise or setting for a narrative or other discourse	103
31482431	genre	a term used to describe literary forms, such as novel, play, and essay	104
31482432	harangue	a forceful sermon, lecture, or tirade	105
31482433	homily	a lecture or sermon on a religious or moral theme meant to guide human behavior	106
31482434	hubris	excessive pride that often affects tone	107
31482435	humanism	a belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity	108
31482436	idyll	a lyric poem or passage that describes a kind of ideal life or place	109
31482437	indirect quotation	a rendering of a quotation in which actual words are not stated but only approximated or paraphrased	110
31482438	inductive reasoning	a method of reasoning in which a number of specific facts or examples are used to make a generalization	111
31482439	inference	a conclusion or proposition arrived at by considering facts, observations, or some other specific data	112
31482440	invective	a direct verbal assault; a denunciation; casting blame on someone or something	113
31482441	kenning	a device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities	114
31482442	lampoon	a mocking, satirical assault on a person or situation	115
31482443	litotes	a form of understatement in which the negative of the contrary is used to achieve emphasis or intensity	116
31482444	loose sentence	a sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences. The main idea of the sentence is presented first and is then followed by one or more subordinate clauses	117
31482445	lyrical prose	personal, reflective prose that reveals the speaker's thoughts and feelings about the subject	118
31493321	malapropism	a confused use of words in which the appropriate word is replaced by one with a similar soud but inappropriate meaning	119
31493322	maxim	a saying or proverb expressing common wisdom or truth	120
31493323	melodrama	a literary form in which events are exaggerated in order to create an extreme emotional response	121
31493324	metaphysical	a term describing poetry that uses elaborate conceits, expresses the complexities of love and life, and is highly intellectual	122
31493325	Middle English	the language spoken in England roughly between 1150 and 1500 A.D.	123
31493326	mock epic	a parody of traditional epic from	124
31493327	mock solemnity	feigned or deliberately artificial seriousness, often for satirical purposes	125
31493328	mode	the general form, patterm, and manner of expression of a piece of discourse	126
31493329	montage	a quick succession of images or impressions used to express an idea	127
31493330	mood	the emotional tone or prevailing atmosphere in a work of literature or other discourse. In grammar, mood refers to the intent of a particular sentence.	128
31493331	moral	a brief and often simplistic lesson that a reader may infer from a work of literature	129
31493332	motif	a phrase, idea, or event that through repition serves to unify or convey a theme in an essay or other discourse	130
31493333	muse	(n.) one of the ancient Greek goddesses presiding over the arts; the imaginary source of inspiration for an artist or writer. (v.) To reflect deeply; to ponder	131
31493334	myth	an imaginary story that has become an accepted part of the cultural or religious tradition of a group or society	132
31493335	narrative	a from of verse or prose that tells a story	133
31493336	naturalism	a term often used as a synonym for realism; also a view of experience that is generally characterized as bleak and pessimistic	134
31493337	non sequitur	a statement or idea that fails to follow logically from the one before	135
31493338	objective	of or relating to facts and reality, as opposed to private and personal feelings and attitudes	136
31493339	ode	a lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject	137
31493340	Old English	the Anglo-Saxon language spoken from approximately 450 to 1150 A.D. in what is now Great Britain	138
31493341	paraphrase	a version of a text put into simplier, everyday words	139
31493342	pastoral	a work of literature dealing with rural life	140
31493343	pathetic fallacy	faulty reasoning that inappropriately ascribes human feelings to nature or nonhuman objects	141
31493344	pedantic	narrowly academic instead of broad and humane; excessively petty and meticulous	142
31493345	plot	the interrelationship among the evnts in a story	143
31493346	predicate	the part of a sentence that is not the grammatical subject	144
31493347	prose	any discourse that is not poetry	145
31493348	proverb	a short pithy statement of a general truth, one that condenses common experience into memorable form	146
31493349	pseudonym	a false name or alias used by writers	147
31493350	pulp fiction	novels written for mass consumption, often emphasizing exciting and titillating plots	148
31493351	pun	a humorous play on words, using similar-sounding or identical words to suggest different meanings	149
31493352	realism	the depiction of people, things, and events as they really are without idealization or exaggeration for effect	150
31493353	rebuttal, refutation	the part of discourse wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and answered	151
31493354	reiteration	repetitin of an idea using different words, often for emphasis or other effect	152
31493355	repetition	reuse of the same words, phrases, or ideas for rhetorical effect, usually to emphasize a point	153
31493356	retraction	the withdrawal of a previously stated idea or opinion	154
31493357	rhetorical stance	language that conveys a speaker's attitude or opinion with regard to a particular subject	155
31493358	rhyme	the repitition of similar sounds at regualar intervals, used mostly in poetry but not unheard of in prose	156
31493359	rhythm	the pattern of stressed amd unstressed syllables that make up speech and writing	157
31493360	romance	an extanded narrative abput improbable events and extraordinary people in exotic places	158
31493361	sarcasm	a sharp, caustic attitude conveyed in words through jibes, taunts, or other remarks	159
31493362	sentence structure	the arrangement of the parts of a sentence	160
31493363	sentiment	a synonym for view of feeling; also a refined and tender emotion in literature	161
31493364	sentimental	a term that describes characters' excessive emotional response to experience	162
31493365	stream of consciousness	a style of writing in which the author tries to reproduce the random flow of thoughts in the human mind	163
31494241	stylistic devices	a general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language, and all other elements that contribute to the "style" or manner of a given piece of discourse	164
31494242	subject complement	the name of a grammatical unit that is comprised of predicate moninatives and predicate adjectives	165
31494243	subjective	of or relating to private and personal feelings and attitudes as opposed to facts and reality	166
31494244	subtext	the implied meaning that underlies the main meaning of an essay or other work	167
31494245	symbolism	the use of one subject to evoke ideas and associations not literally part of the original object	168
31494246	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part signifies the whole or the whole signifies the part	169
31494247	tragedy	a form of literature in which the hero is destroyed by some character flaw and by a set of forces that cause the hero considerable anguish	170
31494248	transition	a stylistic device used to create a link between ideas	171
31494249	verbal irony	a discrepancy between the true meaning of a situation and the literal meaning of the written or spoken words	172
31494250	verse	a synonym for poetry; also a group of lines in a song or poem; also a single line of poetry	173
31494251	verisimilitude	similar to the truth; the quality of realism in a work that persuades readers that they are getting a vision of life as it is	174
31494252	whimsy	an object, device, or creation that is fanciful or rooted in unreality	175
31494253	wit	the quickness of intellect and the power and talent for saying brilliant things that surprise and delight by their unexpectedness	176
31520815	anaphora	the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	177
31520816	appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	178
31520817	antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	179
31520818	archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	180
31520819	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	181
31520820	Aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	182
31520821	assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration	183
31520822	assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	184
31520823	asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	185
31520824	attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	186
31520825	audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	187
31520826	authority	a reliable, respected source - someone with knowledge	188
31520827	bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	189
31521834	cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	190
31521835	claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	191
31521836	close reading	a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text	192
31521837	colloquial/ism	an informal or conversational use of language	193
31521838	common ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions	194
31521839	complex sentences	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	195
31521840	concession	a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding	196
31521841	context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	197
31521842	coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	198
31521843	counterargument	a challenge to a position; an opposing argument	199
31521844	credible	worthy of belief; trustworthy	200
31521845	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	201
31521846	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	202
31521847	dialectal journal	a double-column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation in the other column	203
31521848	documentation	bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece or writing	204
31521849	elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone	205
31521850	ethos	a Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	206
31521851	explication of text	explanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used	207
31521852	facts	information that is true or demonstrable	208
31522196	fragment	a word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence	209
31522197	hortatory	urging, or strongly encouraging	210
31522198	imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses	211
31522199	imperative sentence	a sentence that requests or commands	212
31522200	inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	213
31522201	irony	a contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and results	214
31522202	juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis	215
31522203	logos	a Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	216
31522204	modifier	a word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause	217
31522205	nominalization	turning a verb or adjective into a noun	218
31522206	occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	219
31522207	omniscient narrator	an all-knowing, usually third-person narrator	220
31522208	pacing	the relative speed that combines two contradictory terms	221
31522209	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	222
31522210	polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	223
31522519	polysyndeton	the deliberative use of a series of conjunctions	224
31522520	premise; major, minor	two parts of a syllogism	225
31522521	pronoun	a word used to replace a noun or noun phrase	226
31522522	propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	227
31522523	purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	228
31522524	rhetorical modes	patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definiton, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation	229
31522525	scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	230
31522526	sentence variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	231
31522527	simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things	232
31522528	simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	233
31522529	source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	234
31522530	speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	235
31522531	straw man	a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position	236
31522532	rhetorical triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	237
31522789	subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	238
31522790	subordinate clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	239
31522791	subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	240
31522792	synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	241
31522793	thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	242
31522794	thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	243
31522795	topic sentence	a sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	244
31522796	zeugma	a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs - often in different, sometimes incongruent ways - two or more words in a sentence	245