Loya AP 2011

2011 AP Lang Terms and Learning

127305958	allusion	reference to something outside the story
127305959	parallel structure	A pattern of similar phrases or clauses used in different parts of a writing to achieve an affect (make the writing more persuasive, powerful, etc...)
127305960	Examplum	Use of examples
127305961	Timeline	Creating a timeline in using sentences to describe events in the order they occurrred
127305962	Massing of Details	Listing lots of details in writing to make a point
127305963	Metaphor	Comparing two different things to make a point
127305964	Simile	Same as Metaphor, just using like or as
127305965	Imagery	Using descriptive words to create a mental image of an idea or circumstances
127305966	Preview of Main Points	A Sentence that tells the reader the main ideas of the essay that are coming up
127305967	Thesis	Main idea of any writing
127305968	Transition	A sentence or group of words used to tell the reader that the writer is changing ideas
127305969	Tying to the Prompt	Explaining how the example or sub-argument answers the prompt(Very Important)
128341970	Alliteration	Repetitive use of same-sounding letters in successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.
128341971	Consonance	Repetitive use of same-sounding CONSONANTS in successive phrases, clauses, or sentences..
128341972	Assonance	Repetitive use of same-sounding VOWELS in successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.
128341973	Anaphora	Repetitive use of the same WORDS at the BEGINNINGs of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.
128341974	Epistrophe	Repetitive use of the same WORDS at the ENDINGs of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences.
130209427	anecdote	personal story
130209428	anecdotal evidence	personal story evidence (it is always appropriate on an essay test)
131348899	simple repetition	repeating a word, phrase or clause for emphasis and/or persuasive power "Let freedom ring...let freedom ring...let freedom ring."
131348900	rhythm	the use of words with similar-sounding syllables for emphasis and/or persuasive power
131348901	similar clauses	clauses that have similar word patterns(e.g., I came. I saw. I conquered.)
131348902	parallelism	the repetition of similar words, phrases, clauses, rhythm, or rhyme, to build persuasive power(to win over the audience)
131348903	syntax	the order and pattern of words, phrases, clauses, and punctuation
131348904	phrase	any group of words missing either the subject or verb or both
131348905	clause	any group of words with both a subject and verb (and usually the stuff around the verb, which--when combined with the verb, are called the verb phrase)
131348906	dependent phrase	a phrase that cannot stand alone(phrases are missing either a subject or a verb)
131348907	dependent clause	a clause that is worded in such a way that it cannot stand by itself even though it HAS a subject and a verb
131348908	appositive phrase	a phrase that refers to a noun, usually in the middle of a sentence, set off by commas or dashes
131348909	dashes are (Loyaism)	longer than hypens so make sure you do that right.
131350562	inverted syntax or inversion	when the subject and verb are in reverse order for effect "Cheese, I like."
131350563	Basic Syntax	Subject followed by Verb(S + VP)
131350564	Why we need advanced syntax	Because the College English Placement test REQUIRES IT!
131456182	epistolary	of or relating to letter-writing
131456183	epistemology	the study of knowing reality or truth
131456184	legal epistemology	the epistemology which values equal argument, fairness, and dueling points of view
133823246	Rogerian epistemology	the style of thinking that values seeing both sides of everything--and valuing both sides in an argument
140435554	deduction	Moving from large assumptions to smaller truths; (e.g. All men mortal->Socrates is mortal; morality; religion)
140435555	induction	Moving from smallish evidence to larger conclusions(e.g. statistics; generalizations, evidence, criminology)
140435556	metonymy	when one intends to speak of an object but just mentions a term linked to it(the Oval Office for President; a badge for a policeman)
140435557	abstract	non-tangible idea or concept(God, love, truth, romance)
140435558	concrete	tangible or touchable object or concept(car, gift, viewable skills, actions)
140436988	active voice	when the subject is the actor or do-er of the sentence: The Cheetah beat the Gorilla.
140436989	passive voice	when the subject is being acted upon in the sentence: The Gorilla Was Beaten by the Cheetah. (Was beaten)
145097472	synecdoche	When parts of something are referred to but the intended meaning is the whole object not just the part. "All hands on deck."-->Means all people on deck, not just their hands.
145967723	doppleganger	a character's double in a story. Dr. Jekyll is the doppleganger of Mr. Hyde.
145967724	apostrophe	a break from the discussion to address a person or personified thing, either present or not present. "O life, hear me."
145967725	diacope	repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase as a method of emphasis: •We will do it, I tell you; we will do it.
145967726	antimetabole	reversing the order of repeated words or phrases (a loosely chiastic structure, AB-BA) to intensify the final formulation, to present alternatives, or to show contrast: Do you play to work or work to play?
145967727	loose sentence	when the main clause ends in a comma and any number of words that are unessential follow after the comma
145967728	periodic sentence	when the main clause is witheld until the end of the sentence, or it can also be that the main clause is interrupted
145967729	latent sentence	the main clause or the most important part of the sentence comes at the very end to create suspense or surprise.(Usually of a long sentence) "Over the sands, over the seas, through the forests, through time and space, I traveled."
145968583	short syntax	short sentences 5 words or less; staccato-sounding, short, rhythmic.
145968584	medium syntax	6 words to 13 words, or so, per sentence.
145968585	elongated syntax	long phrases and clauses in sentences; long sentences that hold meaning and slowly carve the meaning to the audience
148591917	logical fallacy	a flaw or major issue in reasoning(makes the argument incorrect)
148591918	slippery slope argument	an argument that incorrectly says one event will lead to other unrelated terrible events(not doing homework will lead to drugs); the error is that one does not necessarily lead to another
166061636	PARODY	a humorous imitation of another, usually serious, work, imitating the tone, language, and shape of the original.(From Satire Set)
166061637	INVERSION	a reversal of position, order, form, or relationship(usually humorous to show how silly or ridiculous that thing being made fun of is normally)[From Satire Set}
166061638	SATIRE	the literary art of ridiculing something in order to expose or correct it ..(You must know this)
166061639	HYPERBOLE	a boldly exaggerated statement or "overstatement" that adds emphasis but is not intended to be literally true. For ex: "He was larger than a Buick.".(From Satire Set)
166061640	SARCASM	a form of sneering criticism in which disapproval is often expressed as ironic praise."Oh of course we loved the homework."(From Satire)
166061641	PUN	A play on words that relies on a word's having more than one meaning or sounding like another word. "He said puck you, and go to pudruckers!".(From Satire)
166061642	UNDERSTATEMENT	a figure of speech that says less than is intended, usually for comic or ironic effect."I only slightly disenjoy being stabbed to death on my wedding day.".(From Satire)
166061643	VERBAL IRONY	when someone says or does the opposite of what is expected (--in satire this is used often to ridicule something or someone)
166061644	SITUATIONAL IRONY	occurs when there is a discrepancy between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.(From Satire)
166061645	INVECTIVE	speech or writing that abuses, denounces, or attacks. It can be directed against a person, cause, idea, or system. [It employs a heavy use of negative emotive language.](From Satire)