AP World History CH1 focus terms Flashcards

African Genesis
History and Culture in the Ice Age
The Agricultural Revolutions
Life in Neolithic Communities

286304208	Charles Darwin	English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)	0
286304209	Natural Selection	a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment	1
286304210	Australopithecus Africanus	the closest relative to homo habilis, first human to use hand signs as language. , gracile hominid of southern Africa	2
286304211	Hominids	humans and other creatures that walk upright	3
286304212	Three Traits of Humans	...	4
286304213	Great Ice Age	Beginning about 2 million years ago and ending about 10,000 years ago, the Ice Age was not only responsible for reshaping the North American landscape into almost exactly what we know it to be today, but it was also responsible for North America's human history; when the sea-level dropped about 35,000 years ago due to the oceans congealing into ice glaciers, the Bering Strait - a land bridge connecting Asia and North America - was uncovered. Asian nomads chased game across the bridge into the Americas until the sea rose above the land bridge again when the ice melted about 10,000 years ago	5
286304214	Homo Habilis	the earliest member of the genus Homo, found on sites dating between 2.5 and 1.6 million years ago. extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics	6
286304215	Homo Erectus	Hominids who are believed to have walked completely upright like modern people do, called "Upright Man".	7
286304216	Homo Sapiens	the only surviving hominid. species to which modern man belongs; bipedal primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools.	8
286304217	Culture	the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.	9
286304218	The Stone Age	•15,000 to ~3000 BC •It covers the period where humans went from a nomadic life to an agricultural life. •Domestication of animals allowed the substitution of animal power for human power. •Other developments include the grinding stone, and harvesting and production of crops. •We can consider the use of fire as an important technology.	10
286304219	Foragers	hunting and food gathering peoples	11
286304220	Two-parent family	Family consisting of a father, a mother, and their biological child or children who live together.	12
286304221	Cave Paintings	Pictures were used to communicate information, ideas, and history.	13
286304222	Human Burials	Started some time in the upper paleolithic times. evidence suggests that the Neanderthals were the first hominids to intentionally bury the dead, doing so in shallow graves along with stone tools and animal bones.	14
286304223	Neolithic Revolutions	change from nomadic herding to settled farming	15
286304224	Emmer Wheat and Barley	...	16
286304225	Shifting Cultivation (Swidden Agriculture)	A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. Common in Slash & Burn in the Rain Forest farming (Rain Forest common practice)	17
286304226	Rice Cultivation	...	18
286304227	Maize	Crop upon which the Inca and Aztec agricultural practices were based	19
286304228	Potatoes and Quinoa	...	20
286304229	Pastoralists	nomads who kept herds of livestock on which they depended for most of their food	21
286304230	Holocene	The current interglaciation period, extending from 10,000 years ago to the present on the geologic time scale.	22
286304231	Ancestors	people from whom one is descended	23
286304232	Religion of Food Producers	...	24
286304233	Religion of Food Gatherers	...	25
286304234	Megaliths	Structures and complexes of very large stones constructed for ceremonial and religious purposes in Neolithic times.	26
286304235	Craft Specialization	a factor of economics which leads to sedentary lifestyles and subsistence practices like agriculture. The assignment of specific tasks to specific people or subsets of people in a community.	27
286304236	Jericho	early walled urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern Israel-occupied West Bank near Jordan River. An ancient and strategically vital city in Canaan, the first major city to be captured by the Israelites.	28
286304237	Catal Huyuk	One of first true cities in history, created in the Neolithic Era in 6500 to 5500 BC, from which were created agriculture, trading, temples, housing, and religions. located in modern southern Turkey.	29