The Middle Ages Flashcards

286816988	the middle ages	the time between the fall of the roman empire of the west to the rise of kings and nation-states (aka the dark ages)	0
286816989	early middle ages	barbaric and muslim invasions, dominance of the catholic church, charlemagne and the frankish kingdom and other germanic invasions like ostrogoths, vandals, ect	1
286816990	high middle ages	barbaric invasions, feudalism, code of chivalry, manor system and dominance of catholic church	2
286816991	late middle ages	rise of cities and kings, formation of nation-states, decline of the catholic church, no more barbaric invasions, kings=stronger, bubonic plauge	3
286816992	early middle ages	after the fall of the roman empire of the west, germanic tribes like the vandals, ostogoths, franks, ect. established small kingdoms, franks=most significan ger. tribe	4
286816993	pepin 2 or pepin the short	father of charlemagne, had a pact w/ pope about lombards and the papal states, crowned by pope, legitimancy of rule for kings, birth of the charlemagne dynasty	5
286816994	charlemagne	relgious and intelligent ruler, military leader, father of europe, kept muslims from taking over frankish kingdom, crowned holy roman emperor by pope leo2 on xmas day	6
286816995	charlemange	when he died, frankish kingdom went to his son-louis pious	7
286816996	louis pious	son of charlemange, divided kingdom into 3 parts for his three children--known as the treaty of verdun(charles the bald-west king, lothair-central sect, louis the german-east)	8
286816997	three key concepts of middle ages	feudalsim, chivalry, the manor system	9
286971543	feudalsim	political system, a decentralized gov't, loyalty to clan or family, relationship of obligation b/t lord and vassals	10
286971544	obligations from the vassal to the lord	loyalty to lord, protect lord+fam, fight for lord in battles, administer fair justice for the lord, feed and house the lord	11
286971545	obligations from the lord to the vassal	grant fief and allow for inheritance, treat vassal with honor, protect vassals children upon death of vassal,	12
286971546	primogenitureship	when first vassal recieves fief he says oldest son will inherit fief and have to listen to lord	13
286971547	process of becoming a knight	page: ages 5-7 feed horse, make bed, watch knight, squire:age 14 prove self in a battle, put armour on knight, be dubbed a knight	14
286971548	chivalry	fear God, fight for welfare of all, administer justice, guard fellow knights, keep catholic faith, be truthful at all times, respect women, never turn back on enemy	15
286971549	the manor system	economic system, land ownership of fief + manor, manor=self-sufficient, manor=estate, only time lord left was when he had obligations to feudal lord	16
286971550	life of serfs on manor	worked land for lord, so poor they became enslaved in order to survive, could not marry or own property, peasants	17
286971551	life of free peasants on manor	rented land from lord, skilled workers who attended to lord in exchange for protection, worked in the fields	18
286971552	religious domination	looked to church for guidence, church taught to endure hardships in life for reward in heaven, encouraged to be priests and nuns, daily prayer and daily mass	19
286971553	political domination	papal declaration, canon law, enforcement of punishment (excommunication-one person, interdict-village or town, inquisition-trial system for heretics)	20
286971554	heretics	people who were against the catholic church	21
286971555	papal declaration	civil law was below church law; ruler of europe was the pope	22
286971556	canon law	laws of the catholic church; had to abide and not question them	23
286971557	hierarchy of the catholic church	pope, curia(cardinals who advise the pope), cardinals('princes of the church'), archbishops, bishops, priests	24
286971558	economic domination	pope was land owner,10% of salary 2 church , peters pence(1cent per yr for popes charities, donations, monastic agriculture, monastic trade(wine), fair labor	25
286971559	social domination	marriage and family, the poor-establishment of hospitals, orphanages, and poor houses run by members of religious life	26
286971560	monasticism	the giving up of the material world for life of prayer and hardship for ones family, being in the presence of God at all times	27
286971561	monastery	either an all male or female religious community	28
286971562	education of priests/nuns	church only allowed those in religious life to be educated, some fathers forced girls to commit as early as 13	29
286971563	monks and nuns	teachers, nurses, social workers, farmers, or created illuminated manuscripts	30
286971564	founders of monasticism	st. bendict and st. scholastics- benedictines st. francis of assisi and st. clare- franciscans	31
286971565	characteristics of late middle ages	end of feudalism, decline of church power, rise of kings, development of nationstates, revival of towns, growth of trade, greater intrest in education an learning	32
286971566	crusades	weakened church, muslims controlled holy land, crusaders began to believe God had abandoned them, fifth crusade made people angry at the church	33
286971567	babylonian captivity	weakened church, two popes one in france on in italy, pope was french-french kings made him go to france for power, cardinals elected new pope to be in rome	34
286971568	great schism	weakened church, both popes stepped down, headquarters of church=rome, only italian cardinals elected pope from then on	35
286971569	black death	weakened church, bubonic plauge, via trade w/ china, 1/3 of europe died, people felt abandonded by church/God	36
286971570	rise of kings/formation of nation states	kings grew strong-able to defend land, wanted to take on greatness of charlemagne, civil authority=stronger then church	37
286971571	formation of nation states	people began being more loyal to king then to pope, king could defend people better as well as property/busniess, first 2 countries=england and france	38
287160135	revival of towns	end of feudalism, protected by new kings, located near good harbors, grew larger with increase of trade ex. london, paris, madrid, etc.	39
287160136	growth of trade	great intrest for items crusaders brought from the holy land, merchants set up shops, growth of middle class, led to organized banking system in europe	40
287160137	greater intrest in education and culture	births of uni. such as oxford, uni of paris, uni of bologna; books written in vernacular language, little tech advancement in middle ages b/c church only let priests, nuns, and monks be educated	41