The Earth and its Peoples: Chapter 19 Flashcards

285743986	Ottoman Empire	Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I.	0
285743987	Suleiman the Magnificent	an ottoman ruler who ruled from 1520-1566. Under his reign, the Turks build the most powerful empire in the world	1
285743988	Janissaries	Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.	2
285743989	Tulip Period	Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul.	3
285743990	Safavid Empire	Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state.	4
285743991	Shi'ites	Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran.	5
285743992	Hidden Imam	Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time.	6
285743993	Shah Abbas	Shah of Iran (r. 1587-1629). The most illustrious ruler of the Safavid Empire, he moved the imperial capital to Isfahan in 1598, where he erected many palaces, mosques, and public buildings.	7
285743994	Mughal Empire	Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.	8
285743995	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.	9
285743996	mansabs	In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire.	10
285743997	Rajputs	Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar I married a Rajput princess.	11
285743998	Acheh Sultanate	Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641.	12
285743999	Oman	Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southwest region of the Arabian peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century.	13
285744000	Swahili	a Bantu language with Arabic words spoken along the East African coast	14
285744001	Batavia	Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia	15