Unit 2A AP Psy Masters

68880988	genotype	the genetic makeup of an individual
68880989	phenotype	physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up
68880990	genes	parts of a chromosome that control inherited traits
68880991	chromosomes	threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
68880992	neuron	cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system
68880993	sensory neurons	carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system
68880994	motor neurons	carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands
68880995	interneurons	carry messages from one neuron to another
68880996	dendrites	short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages
68880997	axon	long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron
68880998	action potential	a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
68880999	resting potential	stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron
68881000	all-or-nothing principle	states that a neuron always fires with the same intensity; it will fire or not
68881001	axon terminals	bulb like structers at end of axon contain neuro transmitters that carry neuron message into synapse
68881002	myelin sheath	a layer of fatty tissue encasing a neuron's axon that speeds transmission
68881003	nodes of ranvier	gaps in the myelin sheath
68881004	endorphin	a morphine like neurotransmitter that is produced in the brain and is linked to pain control and pleasure.
68881005	norepinephrine	neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal and the fight-or-flight system (also mood, sleep, and learning)
68881006	acetylcholine	a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects learning and memory
68881007	dopamine	neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, attention, alertness; too little = Parkinson's disease; too much =schizophrenia
68881008	serotonin	neurotransmitter that affects sleep, arousal, mood, appetite; lack of it = depression
68881009	GABA	major inhibitory neurotransmitter; undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia
68881010	Glutamate	major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory; too much= migraines or seizures
68881673	synapse	space between two neurons
68881674	synaptic vesicles	tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain neurotransmitters
68881675	nerotransmitters	chemical substances released in the synapse
68882875	MRI	a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves; produces computer-generated images; allows us to see structures within the brain; shows brain anatomy
68882876	fMRI	a technique for revealing blood flow and, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans; show brain function
68882877	EEG	amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface: measured by electrodes placed on the scalp
68887464	CT Scan	uses x-rays to take pictures of the brain at various angles
68887465	PET scan	injection of radioactive dye into the blood stream; traced and detected to monitor blood flow to various regions of the brain
68887466	roger sperry	studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions
68887467	michael gazzaniga	split-brain research; important advances in our understanding of how the cerebral hemispheres communicate with one another
68887468	phineas gage	railroad worker; severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior
68888663	behavior genetics	study of the relationship between heredity and behavior
68888664	nature vs nurture	asks which has more impact on out development; the traits we inherit or the environment we live in
68888665	strain studies	studies the heritability of behavioral traits; animals that are inbred so they are genetically similar
68889969	twin studies	studies of identical/fraternal twins; to determine influence of heredity and environment on behavior
68889970	adoption studies	studies children adopted at birth; to determine the influence of heredity and enviornment on behavior