Pre-AP Anatomy

16638411	neuron	cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system
16638412	cell body	largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
16638413	dendrite	extension of the cell body of a neuron that carries impulses from the enevironment or from other neurons toward the cell body
16638414	axon	long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron
16638415	synapse	location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell
16638416	cerebrum	area of the brain responsible for all of the voluntary activities of the body
16638417	brain stem	structure that connects the brain and spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata and the pons
16638418	thalamus	brain structure that receives messages from the sense organs and relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing
16638419	bone marrow	soft tissue inside the cavities within bones
16638420	cartilage	strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
16638421	ligaments	strip of tough connective tissue that holds bones together at a joint
16638422	tendons	tough connective tissue that joins skeletal muscles to bones
16638423	atrium	upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle
16638424	ventricle	lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart
16638425	pulmonary circulation	pathway of circulation between the heart and the lungs
16638426	systemic circulation	pathway of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs
16638427	valve	flap of connective tissue between an atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents backflow of blood
16638428	pacemaker	small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that "set the pace" for the heart as a whole; also known as the sinoatrial node
16638429	aorta	large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels after it leaves the left ventricle
16638430	artery	large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
16638431	capillary	smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products
16638432	vein	in animals, a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
16638433	plasma	straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55% of blood
16638434	hemoglobin	iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body
16638435	platelets	cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps in blood clotting
16638436	pharynx	muscular tube at the end if the gastrovascular cavity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food
16638437	trachea	windpipe; tube through which air moves
16638438	larynx	structure in the throat containing the vocal cords
16638439	bronchus	passageway leading from the trachea to a lung
16638440	alveolus	tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur
16638441	esophagus	food tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
16638442	peristalsis	rhythmic muscular contractions that squeeze food through the esophagus into the stomach
16638443	small intestine	digestive organ in which most chemical digestion takes place
16638444	pancreas	gland that produces hormones that regulate blood sugar; produces enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids; and produces sodium bicarbonate, a base that neutralizes stomach acid
16638445	liver	large organ just above the stomach that produces bile
16638446	large intestine	colon; organ that removes water from the undigested materials that pass through it
16638447	kidney	organ that removes urea, excess water and other waste products from the blood
16638448	nephron	blood-filtering unit in the renal cortex of the kidney
16638449	urethra	tube that carries urine from the bladder and releases it from the body
16638450	exocrine glands	gland that releases its secretions through tubelike structures called ducts
16638451	endocrine glands	gland that releases its secretions directly into the bloodstream
16638452	pituitary gland	gland in the base of the skull that secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and control the actions of several other endocrine glands
25731882	myocardium	thick middle muscle layer of the heart; pumps blood through the circulatory system
25731883	hypothalmus	brain structure that acts as a control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and body temperature