Ch 22 NTN AP Euro

47528397	Irish Famine	the event from 1845 to 1847 where potatoes blighted with disease starved half a million peasants
47528398	"laboring poor"	people who held jobs, but who earned little more than subsistence wages
47528399	proletarianization	the term used to indicate the entry of workers into a wage economy and their gradual loss of significant ownership of the means of production such as tools and equipment, and the control over the conduct of their own trade
47528400	Britain	nation that came to the aid of the Irish during the potato famine
47528401	master	the highest title for an artisan
47528402	confection	where goods were produced in standard sizes and styles rather than by special order for individuals
47528403	Ure	a generally uncritical observer of the factory system
47528404	London Working Men's Association	a group formed by radical artisans in London
47528405	Lovett	one of the London Working Men's Association's founders
47528406	the Charter	the document issued by the London Working Men's Association that called for six specific reforms
47528407	Six Points of the Charter	the different reforms demanded by the London Working Men's Association
47528408	The Northern Star	the newspaper published by the London Working Men's Association
47528409	O'Connor	the most important Chartist leader who made speeches all over Britain
47528410	Chartism	the first large-scale European working class political movement
47528411	The English Factory Act of 1833	this forbade the employment of children under age nine, limited the workday of children aged nine to thirteen to nine hours, and required that these children be given two hours of education a day, paid for by the factory owner
47528412	Aston	German political radical that portrayed a situation in a poem where a women is a victim of sexual exploitation
47528413	Examiner	the newspaper that suggested women be removed from the factories
47528414	Peel	he passed legislation that put police on the streets of London
47528415	bobbies	the police on the streets of London came to be known by this name
47528416	hulks	prison ships where many European criminals were sent
47528417	transportation	the government's punishment for the criminals with the most serious offenses
47528418	Howard and Fry	the reformers in England that exposed the horrendous conditions in prisons and demanded change
47528419	Lucas	the French reformer that exposed the conditions in prisons and demanded change
47528420	Auburn System	the prison reform system that separated prisoners at night but let them associate during the day
47528421	Philadelphia System	the prison reform system where prisoners were kept separated at all times
47528422	Pentonville Prison	the most famous of the European prisons that kept prisoners in separate cells all the time
47528423	Devil's Island	one of the islands the French sent their serious repeat offenders to; it is off the coast of South America
47528424	Malthus	wrote Essay on the Principle of Population; contended that population must eventually outstrip the food supply
47528425	Ricardo	wrote Principles of Political Economy; created the "iron law of wages"
47528426	"iron law of wages"	this said if wages were raised, more children would be produced. They would enter the labor market, expanding the number of workers and lowering wages. when wages decreased, people would have fewer children. This would cause wages to rise again and the process would repeat
47528427	The July Monarchy	this saw the construction of major capital-intensive projects, such as roads, canals, and railways
47528428	Zollverein	a free trade union in the German states
47528429	Guizot	Louis Philippe's minister
47528430	List	German economist; argued for abolishing internal tariffs to enhance economic growth
47528431	Bentham	Utilitarian thinker that sought to create codes of scientific law that were founded to make the greatest number of people happy
47528432	Poor Law Commission	this set out to make poverty the most undesirable of all social situations;government poor relief was to be dispersed through only the workhouses
47528433	"new bastilles"	the new workhouses were regarded as this
47528434	The Anti-Corn Law League	organized by manufacturers, this sought to abolish tariffs protecting the domestic price of grain
47528435	utopian socialists	their ideas were often visionary and because they frequently advocated the creation of ideal communities
47528436	Saint-Simon	the earliest socialist pioneer; believed modern society would require rational management
47528437	technocracy	said that the redistribution of wealth would not help the economy but that the management of wealth by experts would alleviate the poverty and social dislocation of the age
47528438	Owen	self-made cotton manufacturer that was a firm believer in the environmentalist psychology of the Enlightenment
47528439	enlightened management	when workers were rewarded for good work
47528440	Fourier	the French intellectual counterpart to Owen; believed the industrial order ignored the passionate side of human nature. Social discipline ignored all the pleasures that human beings naturally seek; emphasis on boredom
47528441	phalanxes	communities which liberated living would replace the boredom and dullness of industrial exsistence
47528442	Blanc	socialist writer; wrote the Organization of Labor; demanded an end to competition but he did not seek a wholly new society
47528443	anarchists	rejected both industry an the dominance of government
47528444	Blanqui	sought the abolition of both capitalism and the state, he urged the development of a professional revolutionary vanguard to attack capitalist society
47528445	Proudhon	wrote What is Property?; attacked the banking system
47528446	Marxism	this political party differed from its competitors in its claims to scientific accuracy, its rejection of reform, and its call for revolution, though the character of that revolution was not well defined; contended that human history must be understood rationally and as a whole
47528447	Engels	Marx's partner that helped him write The Communist Manifesto; contended that human history must be understood rationally and as a whole
47528448	communist	the political group that was more radical than the socialists
47528449	proletariat	the new industrial labor force
47528450	Lamartine	organized a provisional government
47528451	Blanc	led the working class when they demanded representation in the cabinet
47528453	June Days	the days that confirmed the victory of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte's election
47528454	"Little Napoleon"	Louis Napoleon's nickname
47528455	Vesuvians	the most radical of women
47528456	Voix Des Femmes	also known as the Women's Voice, this was a daily newspaper that addressed issues of concern to women
47528457	Deroin and Roland	the leaders of the Voix Des Femmes' effort to organize workers' groups to improve the economic situation for working class women
47528458	Kossuth	a Magyar nationalist and member of the Hungarian diet, attacked Austrian domination of Hungary, called for the independence of Hungary and demanded a responsible ministry under the Habsburg dynasty
47528459	The March Laws	a series of laws that ensured equality of religion, jury trials, the election of a lower chamber, a relatively free press, and payment of taxes by the nobility
47528460	Jellachich	he aided the national groups who were rebelling against the rebellious Hungarians; he was sent by the Vienna government
47801125	General Prince Alfred Windischgraetz	this Hungarian prince sent his troops against the uprising in Prague after the close of the Pan-Slavic Congress
47801126	Radetzky	the Austrian commander that fought in Northern Italy against Piedmont
47801127	King Charles Albert	the king of Piedmont who fought with the rebels in Northern Italy to expand his influence on Lombardy
47801128	Schwarzenberg	the person who had power after Emperor Ferdinand
47801129	Tsar Nicholas I	the Russian ruler that furnished the Austrian army with 200,000 troops
47801130	Piedmont-Austrian War	the war that marked the first stage of the Italian revolution
47801131	Pius IX	pope that reformed the administration of the Papal States; known to be liberal
47801132	Count Pelligrino Rossi	the liberal minister of the Papal States
47801133	Battle of Novara	battle at which Piedmont was defeated
47801134	Victor Emmanuel II	King Charles Albert's son that was abdicated to the throne
47801135	Frederick William IV	the Prussian king that said Prussia would aid in German unification
47801136	Hansemann	head of the Prussian Constituent Assembly
47801137	The Prussian constituent assembly	radical and democratic group that was appointed by Frederick William IV
47801138	the Frankfurt Parliament	this group intended to write a moderately liberal constitution for a united Germany
47801139	grossdeutsch	the members of the Frankfurt Parliament that favored inclusion of Austria
47801140	kleindeutsch	the members of the Frankfurt Parliament that favored exclusion of Austria