Chapter 29-10 AP Bio

39068475	alternation of generations	A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.
39068476	angiosperm	A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.
39068477	antheridium/antheridia	In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.
39068478	apical meristem	Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.
39068479	archegonium/archegonia	In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.
39068480	bryophytes	A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.
39068481	charophyceans	The green algal group that shares two ultrastructural features with land plants. They are considered to be the closest relatives of land plants.
39068482	cuticle	(1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants. (2) The exoskeleton of an arthropod, consisting of layers of protein and chitin that are variously modified for different functions.
39068483	embryophyte	Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.
39068484	gametangia	The reproductive organ of bryophytes, consisting of the male antheridium and female archegonium; a multichambered jacket of sterile cells in which gametes are formed.
39068485	gametophyte	The multicellular haploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.
39068486	gymnosperm	A vascular plant that bears naked seeds—seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers.
39068487	heterosporous	Referring to plants in which the sporophyte produces two kinds of spores that develop into unisexual gametophytes, either female or male.
39068488	homosporous	Referring to plants in which a single type of spore develops into a bisexual gametophyte having both male and female sex organs.
39068489	megaspores	A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a female gametophyte bearing archegonia.
39068490	microspores	A spore from a heterosporous plant that develops into a male gametophyte with antheridia.
39068491	peat	Extensive deposits of undecayed organic material formed primarily from the wetland moss Sphagnum.
39068492	phloem	The portion of the vascular system in plants consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.
39068493	protonema	A mass of green, branched, one-cell thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.
39068494	pteridophytes	Seedless plants with true roots with lignified vascular tissue. The group includes ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails.
39068495	rhizoids	Long tubular single cells or filaments of cells that anchor bryophytes to the ground. Rhizoids are not composed of tissues, they lack specialized conducting cells, and they do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.
39068496	seed	An adaptation for terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a resistant coat.
39068497	seedless vascular plants	The collective name for the phyla Lycophyta (lycophytes) and Pteridophyta (ferns, whisk ferns, and horsetails).
39068498	sori/sorus	Clusters of fern sporangia on the backs of green leaves or on special, non-green leaves (sporophylls). Sori may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, that are useful in fern identification.
39068499	sporangla/sporangium	A capsule in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop.
39068500	spore	In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a meiotically produced haploid cell that divides mitotically, generating a multicellular individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell.
39068501	sporophyte	The multicellular diploid form in organisms undergoing alternation of generations that results from a union of gametes and that meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation.
39068502	vascular plants	A plant with vascular tissue. Vascular plants include all modern species except the mosses and their relatives.
39068503	vascular tissue	Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.
39068504	xylem	The tube-shaped, nonliving portion of the vascular system in plants that carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
39068505	aggregate fruit	A fruit such as a blackberry that develops from a single flower that has several carpels.
39068506	anther	The terminal pollen sac of a stamen, inside which pollen grains with male gametes form in the flower of an angiosperm.
39068507	carpel	The female reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
39068508	coevolution	The mutual influence on the evolution of two different species interacting with each other and reciprocally influencing each other's adaptations.
39068509	conifer	A gymnosperm whose reproductive structure is the cone. Conifers include pines, firs, redwoods, and other large trees.
39068510	cotyledons	The one (monocot) or two (dicot) seed leaves of an angiosperm embryo.
39068511	cross-pollination	The transfer of pollen from flowers of one plant to flowers of another plant of the same species.
39068512	double fertilization	A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm.
39068513	embryo sac	The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure with eight haploid nuclei.
39068514	endosperm	A nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei during double fertilization, which provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.
39068515	filament	The stalk of a stamen.
39068516	flower	In an angiosperm, a short stem with four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction.
39068517	fruit	A mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal.
39068518	multiple fruit	A fruit such as pineapple that develops from an inflorescence, a group of flowers tightly clustered together. When the walls of the many ovaries start to thicken, they fuse together and become incorporated into one fruit.
39068519	ovary	(1) In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop. (2) In animals, the structure that produces female gametes and reproductive hormones.
39068520	ovule	A structure that develops in the plant ovary and contains the female gametophyte.
39068521	pericarp	The thickened wall of a fruit.
39068522	petal	A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.
39068523	pollen grains	The structures that contain the immature male gametophytes.
39068524	pollination	The placement of pollen onto the stigma of a carpel by wind or animal carriers, a prerequisite to fertilization.
39068525	sepal	A whorl of modified leaves in angiosperms that encloses and protects the flower bud before it opens.
39068526	stamen	The pollen-producing male reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and filament.
39068527	stigma	The sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains.
39068528	style	The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.