Pre-AP Ch. 12
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| 7547521 | transformation | process in which one strain of bacteria appears to change into another one | |
| 7547522 | bacteriophage | A virus that infects bacteria | |
| 7547523 | nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base | |
| 7547524 | base pairing | principle that states that only Adenine+ Thymine, Cytosine+ Guanine | |
| 7547525 | chromatin | consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins | |
| 7547526 | histone | protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin | |
| 7547527 | replication | process in which DNA makes a copy of itself | |
| 7547528 | DNA polymerase | The enzyme which puts together the nucleotides in DNA replication | |
| 7547529 | gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait | |
| 7547530 | messenger RNA | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell | |
| 7547531 | ribosomal RNA | type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes | |
| 7547532 | transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis | |
| 7547533 | transcription | a process that takes place in a cell where DNA acts as a template to form mRNA | |
| 7547534 | RNA polymerase | enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and seperates the DNA strands during transcription | |
| 7547535 | promoter | region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA | |
| 7547536 | intron | sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein | |
| 7547537 | exon | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein | |
| 7547538 | codon | a sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a single amino acid | |
| 7547539 | translation | decoding of an mRNA message into a polypetide chain | |
| 7547540 | anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complimentary to an mRNA codon | |
| 7547541 | mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information | |
| 7547542 | point mutation | gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides | |
| 7547543 | frameshift mutation | mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide | |
| 7547544 | polyploidy | condition in which an organism has an extra set of chromosomes | |
| 7547545 | operon | a group of genes that operate together | |
| 7547546 | operator | region of chromosome in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is turned off | |
| 7547547 | differentiation | process in which cells become specialized in structure and function | |
| 7547548 | hox gene | series of genes that control the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo |