Coombs - APES Chapter 1

201933716	exponential growth	Quantity increases at a fixed percentage per unit time Rapid, explosive growth Doubling of pop. each generation
201933717	biodiversity	Variety of life forms and the habitats where they live Ex: coral reefs, tropical rainforests
201933718	environment	All surroundings Living and non-living Natural and man-made
201933719	environmental science	Interdisciplinary Natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, geology, etc.) - how the natural world works Social sciences (economics, politics, ethics, etc.) - how humans and their institutions interact with and impact the natural world
201933720	natural sciences	Try to understand how the natural world works Ex: biology, chemistry, physics, geology, etc.)
201933721	social sciences	Study how humans and their institutions interact with and impact the natural world Ex: economics, politics, ethics, etc.
201933722	ecology	Ex of a natural science Studies relationships b/t living organisms and their environment
201933723	environmentalism	Social movement aimed at protecting the natural world
201933724	sutstainability / durability	Ability to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions
201933725	natural capital	Natural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies
201933726	solar capital	Warms planet Provides energy for photosynthesis
201933727	sound science	Concepts and ideas that are widely accepted by experts in a particular field Peer review process
201933728	environmentally sustainable society	Meets the current and future needs of its people for basic resources in a just and equitable manner without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs
201933729	economic growth	Increase in capacity of a country to provide people with good and services
201933730	GDP	Gross Domestic Product Annual market value of all good and services produced by all firms and organizations (foreign & domestic) operating within a country
201933731	economic development	Improvement of living standards by economic growth
201933732	developed countries	High per capita GDP Highly industrialized Ex: U.S., Canada, Most Western European Countries
201933733	developing countries	Low per capita GDP Some are middle-income and moderately developed Some are low-income Ex: China, Brazil, Kenya, Ethiopia
201933734	doubling time	Time it takes for a population to double given its growth rate Use "Rule of 70" Divide 70 by the growth rate to get the doubling time
201933735	resource	Anything obtained from the environment to meet our needs or wants; ex: air, coal, water, wood
201933736	perpetual resources	On a human time scale it is renewed continuously; ex: the sun
201933737	renewable resources	Can be renewed fairly rapidly (hours to several decades); ex: wood, water, air, fish
201933738	nonrenewable resources	Exist in a fixed quantity or stock in the earth's crust; ex: coal, iron, uranium
201933739	sustainable yield	Highest rate that a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply
201933740	environmental degradation	Exceeding a resources natural replacement rate Supply of resource shrinks
201933741	common property or free access resources	Commons Individuals do not own the resource and the resource is available for all to use at little or no cost
201933742	Garrett Hardin	1915 - 2003 American Ecologist Wrote paper titled, The Tragedy of the Commons
201933743	Tragedy of the Commons	Concept written about by Garrett Hardin "If I do not use this resource, someone else will. The little bit I use or pollute is not enough to matter..."
201933744	ecological footprint	Amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and pollution produced by such resource use How many Earths does it take to support your way of life???
201933745	per capita ecological footprint	per person ecological footprint; higher for developed countries and lower for developing countries
201933746	pollution	Presence of an unwanted material or substance in high enough levels in air, water, soil, or food to threaten the health, survival, or activities of a living organism Natural sources and anthropogenic sources
201933747	point source pollution	Pollutants come from single, identifiable sources Large amount coming from an area you can point to ex: sewage effluent, smokestack emissions
201933748	non-point source pollution	Comes from larger dispersed areas and are difficult to identify Ex: agricultural runoff, runoff from a housing development
201933749	pollution prevention or input pollution control	Reduces or eliminates the production of pollutants
201933750	pollution cleanup or output pollution control	Cleaning up or diluting pollutants after they have been produced
201948761	poverty	Inability to meet one's basic economic needs
201948762	malnutrition	Improper diet and lacking protein and other nutrients needed for good health
201948763	undernourished	Not receiving enough calories
201948764	affluenza	Unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism
201948765	agriclutural revolution	Began 10,000 - 12,000 years ago Allowed people to settle in villages, grow crops and raise domesticated livestock
201948766	industrial-medical revolution	275 years ago Shift from rural to urban society Shift from using human and animal power to fossil fuels Science used to improve sanitation and control disease
201948767	information-globalization revolution	50 years ago New tech used to gain rapid access to information on a global scale
201948768	tribal era	5-10 million Native Americans 10,000 years before European Settlers in early 1600's
201948769	frontier era	1607 - 1890 European colonists begin settling North America and using its resources
201948770	frontier environmental worldview	Most of N. America viewed as vast wilderness and resources to be conquered and managed for human use
201948771	early conservation era	1832 - 1870 Some become alarmed at the resource depletion and degradation in the U.S. Urged U.S. gov't to protect unspoiled lands owned by the public
201948772	environmental worldview	Your assumptions and values about how you think the world works and what your role in the world should be
201948773	environmental ethics	Your beliefs about what is right and wrong and how we treat the environment
201948774	planetary management worldview	We are separate from nature and nature exists mainly to meet our needs and increasing wants Economic growth is unlimited and we can use our ingenuity and technology to manage earth's resources and services
201948775	stewardship worldview	We can manage the earth for our benefit but we have ethical responsibility to be caring, responsible stewards of the earth Encourage environmentally beneficial forms of economic growth
201948776	environmental wisdom worldview	We are part of and totally dependent on nature Nature exists for all species not just humans
201948777	social capital	Different people and cultures sharing ideas and beliefs Collaboration Diversity