Izzy's AP Psych Ch 05

	The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
	The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
	Analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to te brain's integration of sensory information
	Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
	The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them
	The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
	A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background noise
	Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness
	The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
	The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage
	Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
	Conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies into neural impulses
	The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
	The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light (blue, green, red, etc.)
	The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude
	The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
	A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
	The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
	The process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
	The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
	The sharpness of vision
	A condition in which nearby objects are seen more clearly than distant objects because distant objects focus in front of the retina
	A condition in which faraway objects are seen more clearly than near objects because the image of near objects is focused behind the retina
	Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
	Receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions; detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
	The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eyes to the brain
	The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there
	The central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
	Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement
	The processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously
	The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors (red, green, blue) which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color
	The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision
	Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object
	The sense of hearing
	The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
	A tone's highness or lowness; depends on frequency
	The chamber between the eardrum and the cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
	The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
	A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
	In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
	In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch
	Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
	Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves
	The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain - the "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain
	The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste
	The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts
	The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance