Ch. 14-The Reformation
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| The holding of several benefices, or church offices by clerics. | ||
| gathering of all the bishops of the world but did not include Protestants | ||
| a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin | ||
| Charles V's assembly of German estates that declared Luther's teachings heretical. | ||
| a person of the 16th century who protested the catholic churches teachings and practices and who sought reform Christianity by breaking away from the Catholic church | ||
| "Scripture alone." It is the belief that all man needs for salvation is the Bible. This is a tenet for most Protestants. | ||
| belief that the changing of the bread and wine into the physical body and blood of Christ is what takes place during a mass. | ||
| the last meal shared by Jesus with his disciples, became the central sacrament in the Christian community | ||
| the belief of Calvinists that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power. This belief gave them great confidence in their salvation | ||
| A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization. | ||
| The official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy and to promote sound doctrine on faith and morals | ||
| Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. | ||
| Arguments written by Martin Luther against the Catholic church. Written in response to a new campaign to sell indulgences | ||
| English king who seized the monasteries to share their wealth with the middle and upper classes and who rationalized his divorce that he needed an heir and could not marry his brother's wife | ||
| Scottish religious leader who was influential in forming the protestant movement | ||
| Protestant leader who thought that the church consisted of the entire community of Christian believers and that sex was natural within marriage | ||
| a move to change the Church but only referred to by Catholics as consistent with earlier movements | ||
| Leader of Calvinists, centered in Geneva, who believed in predestination, hard work, and no religious dissent | ||
| religious leader who disagreed with Calvin on whether Christ was present in Holy Communion | ||
| monarch who allowed religious freedom as long as the people practiced "quietly" | ||
| Inspired by Luther at first but he sought to prevent them because of the violence | ||
| Catholic response to the Reformation | ||
| Luther's belief that the bread and wine is not changed but that Christ is present in spirit only | ||
| modern religious group tracing their origin to the Anabaptists | ||
| Catholic group organized to fight heresy | ||
| European royal family that managed to rule over much of the continent through intermarriage |